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大工10秋《大学英语1(开放英语1)》辅导资料三

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导读大工10秋《大学英语1(开放英语1)》辅导资料三
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大学英语1(开放英语1)辅导资料三

主 题:Unit3 What Do You Do? 学习时间:2010年11月1日-11月7日

内 容:

在本单元中,以David带小燕参观银行为背景,学习介绍他人,表达建议、描述位置等相关表达法。 (一)学习要求

通过学习了解以下内容: 1. 介绍他人;酒吧文化;

2. 序数词;指示代词;定冠词the的用法;楼层表达法; 3. 复习物主代词;描述办公室的布局和办公设备; 4. There Be句型 重点掌握内容:

1.重点:表达提议;序数词、指示代词、定冠词the的用法;There Be句型

2.难点:表达提议;序数词、指示代词、定冠词the的用法;There Be句型

(二)主要内容 一、介绍他人

为他人做介绍时,常用的表达方法是“This is(后面接名字),my(后面接与讲话人的关系,比如朋友、姐妹等)”

This is Polly, my girlfriend.

This is Xiaoyan, my colleague from Shanghai.

二、表示建议的句型

1. Would you like / love (to do) sth.?

这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型,并带有与对方商量的意味,意为“你想要(做)……吗?”。如:

—Would you like to go to the cinema with me? —Yes. I’d like / love to.

2. Shall I / we do sth.?

此句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的,意为“我(们)做……好吗?”,语气委婉,商量的语气较浓。如: Shall we go to the zoo?

3. Let’s do sth.

当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议,让对方和自己一起去做某事时,常用该句型,意为“咱们做……吧。”该句型后常加附加问句“shall we?”,使语气更加委婉。如:

Let’s listen to this tape, shall we?

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4. 主语+had better (not) do sth..

该句型用于表示对下级、晚辈的劝告,往往带有命令、强制的语气,意为“某人最好(不要)做某事”。如:

You’d better go to hospital at once.

5. Why not do sth.?

该句型是Why don’t you / we do sth.?的省略式,表示向对方提出一种建议或询问某种原因,暗含有责备对方的意思,意为“为什么不……?”。如: Why not go and ask your teacher?

=Why don’t you go and ask your teacher?

6. What / How about (doing) sth.?

如果是在讨论式的谈话中,可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新话题。如:

What about meeting outside the school gate? —My father is a worker.

—What / How about your mother?

7. 也可以祈使句表示建议。用please do sth表示肯定性的建议。 Don't do...来表示否定性的建议。如:Please open the door

Don't play in the street.

8. 还可以用情态动词should 或者can表示建议。如:

You should arrive at the station brfore eight o’clock.你应该在八点之前到达车站。

You can go shopping or see a film after work.你可以下班之后去逛街或者看电影。

三、序数词

1-100的序数词分为四个类。

1、第一类

first (1st) 第一 second (2nd) 第二 third (3rd) 第三

(在括号里的是缩写形式,均在阿拉伯数字后面加上相应序数词的最后两个字母构成,以下各类与此相同。)

这类序数词只有三个,在整个序数词里面是特殊的,就和第一类基数词一样,需要逐个地硬记下来。

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2、第二类:

fourth (4th) 第四

fifth (5th) 第五 sixth (6th) 第六 seventh (7th) 第七

eighth (8th) 第八 ninth (9th) 第九 tenth (10th) 第十

eleventh (11th) 第十一

twelfth (12th) 第十二 thirteenth (13th) 第十三 fourteenth (14th) 第十四 fifteenth (15th) 第十五 sixteenth (16th) 第十六 seventeenth (17th) 第十七 eighteenth (18th) 第十八 nineteenth (19th) 第十九

这一类序数词共有十六个。均在相应的基数词后面加上后缀-th构成。要注意其中fifth、eighth、ninth、twelth四个词的拼法。

3、第三类:

twentieth (20th) 第二十 thirtieth (30th) 第三十 fortieth (40th) 第四十 fiftieth (50th) 第五十 sixtieth (60th) 第六十 seventieth (70th) 第七十 eightieth (80th) 第八十 ninetieth (90th) 第九十

这一类全是十位整数的序数词,共八个。

它们的构成方法是:先将相应的十位整数的基数词词尾-ty中的y改成i,然后在加上后缀-eth。

4、第四类:

thirty-first (31th) 第三十一 sixty-second (62nd) 第六十二 eighty-seventh (87th) 第八十七 ninety-eighth (98th) 第九十八

这类表示“第几十几”的序数词,跟表示“几十几”的基数词一样简单。在构成方法上均由基数词“几十几”变化而来,十位数不变,仅把个位上的基数词变成序数词就行了。

四、复习不定冠词和定冠词的区别。

具体定冠词和不定冠词的用法见辅导材料1,下面是一些改错题,以便

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于加深对其的理解。

(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an,因 hour 读音以元音开头)

(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the,因这里的 books 表泛指,不表特指)

(3) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a,这里的 a 表泛指)

(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.

(去掉 the,因health 表泛指)

(5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a,因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用 a)

(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改为 the,因从含义上看,此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的)

(7) Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. (a 改为 an,因 American 的读音以元音开头)

(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the,captain 为特指)

(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.

(the 改为 one,one 与下一行的 another 构成一个另一个)

(10) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.

(wonderful 前加 a,该表达与 have a good time 类似,其中的 a 不可省)

(11) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (去掉 a,catch sight of 是习语,意为看见、瞥见)

(12) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘).

(去掉 the,rain 在此泛指)

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(13) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为 the,因 same 前应用定冠词)

(14) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.

(在 famous 前加 a,注意 mountain 是单数可数名词)

(15) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (my diary 改为 a diary,keep a diary 意为写日记)

(16) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival.

(boy 前加 a,因 boy 为可数名词)

(16) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.

(a 改为 the,因这不是泛指的周末,而是特指本周周末

(17) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime.

(lifetime 前加a,指人的一生是 a lifetime)

(18) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the,因这是特指的一场火灾)

(19) As we all left home at early age,

(early前加an,at an early age意为在年幼时)

(20) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改为 a,因此处并非特指,而是泛指)

五、英语指示代词 表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。

this(复数形式是these),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。

that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。

(1) 指示代词的基本用法(在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语) 1.作主语

That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。 2.作表语

What I want is that(this). 我想要的是那(这)个。

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3.作宾语

You like this but I like that. 你喜欢这个,而我喜欢那个。 4.作定语

What is the use of those books? 那些书有什么用处呢? (2) 指示代词的特殊用法

The history of China is as interesting as that of America. 中国的历史和美国的历史一样有趣。

为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词。但是this,these不可代替。

The weather of Kunming is better than that(=the weather)of Beijing. 北京的天气不如昆明。

The radios made in Shanghai are as good asthose(=the radios)made in Tianjing. 上海生产的收音机和天津生产的一样好。

Her interests are different from those(=the interests)of her childhood. 她的兴趣和童年时代不同了。

2.this,that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。

He was ill. That's why he didn't come. (that作主语,代替He was ill.) 他病了,那就是他没来的原因。

He broke the window,and that cost him 10dollars. 他打破了窗玻璃,那(打破玻璃这件事)要花费他10美元

六、There be句型

There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”,其形式为“There be+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:

1. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. (紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)

2. There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room. (否定句) 3. Is there anything wrong with your ears? (Yes,there is/No,there isn't.)

4. There wasn't a meeting yesterday, was there?(反意疑问句) 除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。例如:

There are several children swimming in the river. 河里有几个孩子在游泳。

不难看出,各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。我们在使用过程中,首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。 例如:我们要说“明天有一个班会。”

(1) There will have a class meeting tomorrow. (×)

(2) There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow. (√)

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有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时,两种都可以用。

例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall. (地图为三班学生所有。)

There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three. (地图存在于三班。)

由此看来,There will have是错误的搭配方式。

使用There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:

1. There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。

(1)There is _____ on the floor. (2)There are _____ on the floor.

选项:A. cat B. water C. boxes D. football

解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C。

2. 如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any, some, few, a few, many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million, hundreds/thousands/millions of, no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any, some, no, little, a little,much等词的修饰。

(1)There were_____ students in our school.

A. hundreds B. eight hundred C. eight hundreds of (2)There is _____water. You needn't get some more. A. few B. little C. much

解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C。

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三、重要考点 Ⅰ选择

1. Her brother two balls.

A. have B. there is C. there are D. has 2. There some milk in the glass. A. are B. is C. am D.be

3. your sister a computer?

A. Is, have B. Does, have C. Do, have D. Are, have 4. -Do you have any pens? - .

A. Yes, there is B. Yes, there are C. No, there isn't D. No, I don't

5. How much milk there in the cup? A. am B. is C. are D. be

6. There a book, two pencils, and four rulers on the desk. A. is B. are C. be D. be

7. In front of the classroom two tall trees. A. there is B. there are C. have D. has 8. She have any brothers.

A. isn't B. don't C. doesn't D. aren't

9. The old man one son and two daughters. A. there are B. there is C. have D. has

10.-Are there any people in the meeting room? - .

A. Yes, they are B. No, they aren't C. Yes, there do D. No, there aren't

Ⅱ用have或there be适当形式填空

1. How many bottles of milk on the table? 2. I one pen and she two. 3. Behind the door a broom(扫帚). 4. How many sisters he ?

5. a book and some pencils on the desk. 6. an empty bottle in the box? 7. We don't any blue cats. 8. you any paper planes?

9. two books and a pencil-box on the chair. 10.Ann's friend no sisters or brothers.

Ⅲ 翻译

1. 图画中有一棵树。 2. 瓶子里有水吗? 3. 你的书包里有什么? 4. 我们班有五十名学生。

5. 月球(the moon)上没有生命(life)。

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答案: ⅠD B B D B A B C D D Ⅱ1. is there, 2. have, has 3. there is 4. does, have 5. There is 6. Is there

7. have 8. Do, have 9. There are 10. has Ⅲ 1. There is a tree in the picture. 2. Is there any water in the bottle? 3. What's in your bag(schoolbag)?

4. There are 50 students in our class. 5. There is no life on the moon.

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