[英语六级考试复习]2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解(第1套)

大学英语

六级考试 真题解析

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解（第1套）

PART I Writing 思维导图 社交网络与读书

Social Networking Websites and Reading

第一段描述图片：简单叙述图片内容，并指出图片寓意——社交网络对日常阅读的影响(social network has exerted an important impact on our daily reading)。

第二段正、反论证：1.正方：社交网络提供大量阅读信息，激发阅读兴趣(provides large collections of information at a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest)；2.反方——大量时间花在社交网络上，没有时间阅读传统书籍(spend so much time reading on social networks, don't have adequate opportunities or time to read traditional books)。

第三段个人观点：有必要在网络上阅读，更有必要阅读传统书籍(it is necessary for us to read on social networking websites, but it is of greater necessity for us to read traditional books)。 范文点评 〇高分范文

Social Networking Websites and Reading

① As we can see from the picture, two persons are discussing about reading. While to our amusement, the boy says his favorite book is Facebook. ② The picture seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts, which intends to inform us that the social network has exerted an important impact on our daily reading.

③ Opinions vary when it comes to the impact of social networking websites on reading. ④ Some people insist that social network provides large collections of information at a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest. ⑤ On the contrary, other people claim that it is a common phenomenon that a host of youngsters spend so much time reading on social networks that they don't have adequate opportunities or time to read traditional books.

⑥ There is a saying goes like this, \"Every coin has its two sides\". ⑦ So there is no surprise that there are different opinions about the impact of social networking websites on reading. ⑧ However, as a college student, I am convinced that it is necessary for us to read on social networking websites, but it is of greater necessity for us to read traditional books, because social networks are just our tools and never can we depend on it in everything. 〇精彩点评

①描述图片：男孩说自己最喜欢的书是Facebook。

②阐明图片意义：告诉我们社交网络对阅读的影响，该句中使用了which引导的非性定语从句。

③概括指出不同的人对于社交网络对阅读的影响意见不统一。

④⑤分别使用Some people insist that...；On the contrary, other people claim that... 从正、反两方面论述了社交网络对阅读的影响。

⑥⑦通过引用谚语再次说明关于社交网络对阅读的影响意见不统一不足为奇。

⑧给出自己对于这一问题的见解。 〇加分亮点

to one's amusement 令某人感到好笑的是 ridiculous 滑稽可笑的

on second thoughts 进一步思考后 exert an impact on... 对……产生影响 vary 不同，有差异

when it comes to... 当谈及……时 tremendous 惊人的 stimulate 激发，刺激 claim 声称 adequate 足够的

there is no surprise that... ……不足为奇 be convinced that 相信 of greater necessity 更加必要的 拓展空间 主题词汇

indispensable 必不可少的 print copies 印刷书 be addicted to... 沉溺于…… transform 改变

reading approach 阅读方式 electronic book (E-book) 电子书 replace 取代 shorten 缩短

give a cold shoulder 忽视 side effects 副作用

make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages 扬长避短 句式拓展

1. If one intends to acquire and enjoy long-time pleasure of reading, it is not advisable for him to... 如果一个人想要得到并且享受长久的阅读乐趣，那就不建议他……

2. With the click of the mouse, any stories or information that I want to read at any given time or place, is there. 不管何时何地，只要点一下鼠标，我想要读的故事和信息都会在那儿（网上）。 PART Ⅱ Listening Comprehension Section A

1. A) The restaurant offers some specials each day.

B) The restaurant is known for its food varieties. C) The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting. D) The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.

W: Wow, what a variety of salads you've got on your menu! Could you recommend something special?

M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries. Q: What does the man mean?

听前猜测 选项中restaurant出现了两次，A)“饭店每天都有特别供应”、B)“饭店以食品多样而闻名”和C)“混拌沙拉的调料使这道菜十分诱人”都在描述饭店好的一面，故推测本题考查内容与饭店哪方面比较出色有关，而D)“女士应该将原料进行充分搅拌”与其他三个选项内容明显不属于一类，故基本可以提前排除。

详解 女士发现这家饭店的沙拉多种多样，请男士给她推荐点特别的，男士向她推荐了混拌沙拉，因为这道菜的调料是用浆果制作而成。由此可知，是特殊的调料使得这款沙拉与众不同。

2. A) He took over the firm from Mary. B) He is running a successful business. C) He failed to foresee major problems. D) He is opening a new consulting firm.

W: I was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well. M: Yes. Business picked up much faster than we anticipated. We now have over 200 clients. Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

听前猜测 四个选项均以He开头，由A)“他从Mary那里接手公司”、B)“他正在经营很成功的生意”和D)“他正在建立一家新的咨询公司”可以猜测，对话内容与男士经营公司有关，C)“他没能预见到一些重大问题”属于男士失败的原因，而其他三个选项均为描述一般事实的陈述句，故基本可以提前排除C)。

详细 女士说她前几天碰到了Mary，从Mary那里听说男士的新咨询公司现在很成功，男士说他的生意发展得比他们预想得要好，现在已经有多于两百名客户了。由此可知，目前男士的生意相当成功。

3. A) Someone should be put in charge of office supplies. B) The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet. C) The man may find the supplies in the cabinet. D) The printer in the office has run out of paper.

M: Do you know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?

W: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That's where we keep all of our office supplies. Q: What does the woman mean?

听前猜测 选项中出现了supplies一词，A)“应该安排人员专门负责办公用品”、B)“男士可以把光盘放在公司的柜子里”、C)“男士应该能在柜子里找到办公用品”和D)“办公室的打印

机没纸了”四个选项的语义相互交错，围绕着办公用品、光盘、纸张、柜子展开，听对话时应注意捕捉这几者之间的相互联系。

详解 对话中男士问女士是否知道光盘和打印纸放在哪儿了，女士说如果还有的话，应该都放在柜子里了，因为所有的办公用品都放在那里。由此可知，女士的意思是男士应该能在柜子里找到他所需要的办公用品。

4. A) He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly. B) The woman can use his glasses to read. C) He has the dictionary the woman wants. D) The dictionary is not of much help to him.

W: The print in this dictionary is so small. I can't read the explanation at all. M: Let me get my magnifying glass. I know I just can't do without it. Q: What does the man mean?

听前猜测 由四个选项中的glass(es)和dictionary可以判断对话内容与阅读词典和眼镜有关，结合A)“他必须用放大镜才能看清楚”和B)“女士可以用他的眼镜来阅读”两个选项的意思可以大致判断，对话中的两个人需要借助某种工具才能进行阅读，而C)和D)两个选项可以说明他们看不清楚的可能是词典的内容。

详解 对话中女士对男士说词典里的字太小了，她根本就看不清楚那些释义，男士说他要去拿放大镜，没有放大镜，他也无法看清楚。由此可知，男士得用放大镜才能看清楚。 5. A) Redecorating her office. B) Majoring in interior design. C) Seeking professional advice. D) Adding some office furniture.

W: I'm considering having my office redecorated. The furniture is old and the paint is chipping. M: I'll give you my sister-in-law's number. She just graduated from an interior design academy and will give a free estimate. Q: What is the woman considering?

听前猜测 选项均为以V-ing形式开头构成的名词性短语，由A)“重新装修她的办公室”和D)“为办公室增加点家具”可以推断，对话内容与办公室的家具和装修有关；B)“主修室内装修专业”和C)“寻找专业建议”也与之相关，由A)中的her判定，听录音时需要特别关注与女士有关的信息。

详解 女士对男士说她正考虑重新装修办公室，家具旧了，墙上的漆也开始脱落了，男士说他可以把他弟妹的电话给女士，因为他弟妹毕业于室内装修学院，可以给女士免费进行评估。由此可知，女士正在考虑的事情是重新装修办公室。 6. A) Problems in port management. B) Improvement of port facilities. C) Delayed shipment of goods. D) Shortage of container ships.

W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we can't get a container ship anywhere. M: That's always been a problem in this port. The facilities here are never able to meet our needs. Q: What are the speakers talking about?

听前猜测 四个选项均为名词性短语，由选项A)“港口管理问题”、B)“港口设施的改善”、C)“货运物品延期”和D)“集装箱船匮乏”可以看出，这些选项都提到了港口所面临的一些问题，因此听对话时对此类信息要特别关注。

详解 对话中女士对男士说她们有一大批货物需要运走，但怎么也找不到集装箱船只，男士表示在这个港口，此类问题一直存在，港口的设施根本满足不了人们的需求。由此可知，两人讨论的是港口缺乏集装箱船只的问题。 7. A) Their boss. B) A colleague. C) Their workload. D) A coffee machine.

W: Why didn't Rod get a pay raise? M: The boss just isn't convinced that his work attitude warranted it. She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk. Q: What are the speakers talking about?

听前猜测 四个选项都很简短，为四个名词短语，且内容各不相同，通常出现此类选项时，考查内容一般围绕对话的主旨大意展开。

详解 对话中女士奇怪为什么Rod没有涨工资，男士说那是因为老板觉得他的工作态度有问题，老板说她看到Rob在咖啡机边的时间比在办公桌前办公的时间还要多。由此可知，对话中的两人正在讨论他们的同事Rod。 8. A) Call the hotel manager for help. B) Postpone the event until a later date. C) Hold the banquet at a different place. D) Get an expert to correct the error.

W: The hotel called, saying that because of a scheduling error, they won't be able to cater for our banquet.

M: I know an Indian restaurant on the High Street that offers a special dinner for groups. The food is excellent and the room is large enough to accommodate us. Q: What does the man suggest they do?

听前猜测 四个选项均为动词短语，可以推断本题考查的是某人的动作行为，结合选项A)“向酒店经理打电话求助”、B)“把事项日期延后”、C)“换个地方举办宴会”和D)“请专家来改正问题”可以推断，应该是某件事情出了差错或是变故，因此本题考查的内容与人们采取的应对措施有关。

详解 对话中女士对男士说酒店打来电话，说由于日程安排出了问题，他们不能承接宴会了，男士马上说他知道在High Street有一家印度餐馆，可以为团体客户提供特殊待遇，那里的

食物很棒，房间也足够大。由此可知，男士的言外之意是说他们可以把宴会的地点改在他所推荐的印度餐馆。 Conversation One

未听先知 预览三道题各选项，可以发现，每个题目的侧重点完全不同，第9题考查男士的日常行为，第10题为不定式短语，应该是考查将要发生的行为动作或是某种目的，第11题出现了Foreign investors，enterprises等词，可推测与商务行为有关，但由第10题中的urgent problem和important message是能够推测，对话的主题应该涉及某种比较严重的问题。 9. A) He shares some of the household duties. B) He often goes back home late for dinner. C) He cooks dinner for the family occasionally. D) He dines out from time to time with friends. Q: What do we learn about the man's daily life?

听前猜测 四个选项均以He开头，且均使用了一般现在时，可以推测本题考查内容与男士的日常生活有关，由各选项A)“他分担一些家务职责”、B)“他经常回家很晚，赶不上吃晚饭”、C)“他偶尔会为家人做饭”和D)“他有时会与朋友外出就餐”可以看出，本题的重点是男士通常是怎样解决晚餐的。其中，A)与其他三个选项的内容有较大差异，可以提前排除。 详解 对话中男士与女士见面时，男士告诉女士他正要回家，Susan正在家里等他回去吃晚餐，他不能总像平日里那样老是赶不上吃晚餐。for a change表达的意思是“改变一下”，既然男士今天要按时回家与家人一起共进晚餐，也就可以推测出他大多数时候是不按时回家吃晚餐的。

10. A) To take him to dinner. B) To talk about a budget plan. C) To discuss an urgent problem. D) To pass on an important message. Q: Why did the woman come to see the man?

听前猜测 四个选项均为动词不定式结构，此类选项通常表示本题考查的内容为即将发生的行为动作或某种动作的目的，A)“带他去吃晚餐”与B)“谈论一项预算计划”、C)“讨论一个紧急问题”以及D)“告知一个重要信息”这三个选项的内容明显不属于一类，可以预先排除。 详解 对话中女士说她很抱歉在周五的这个时间来找男士，但她的事情非常重要，而没有提到“问题”，因此排除C)，显然女士来找男士的目的就是要告诉男士一件重要的事情。 11. A) Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy. B) Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India. C) There are wild fluctuations in the international money market. D) There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Q: What makes the woman worry about the Indian Rupee?

听前猜测 四个选项都与商业行为相关，而且两次提到了India，可以判断对话内容涉及印度的商业或经济，选项均为对印度经济进行负面描述的句子，但内容各不相同，无法进行排除或断定本题所考查的重点，听对话时就需要对所有涉及到印度经济的内容多加留意。 详解 对话中女士明确告诉男士印度的收支平衡赤字急剧升高。

M: Hello, Jane. W: Hello, Paul.

M: Please come in. (9) I'm just getting ready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I want to be on time for a change. W: (10) Look, I'm terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important. M: That's OK. What's the problem?

W: Well, Paul, I won't keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. (11) You see there has been a sharp increase in Indian's balance of payment deficit. M: I see. That's serious, isn't it?

W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.

M: And that's going to affect us, as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.

W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contracts.

M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactly?

W: Well, it means that JO Motors enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.

M: I see. And how will that benefit us?

W: Well, JO Motors won't lose out if the Indian Rupee falls further. M: What will it cost, Jane?

W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike. M: Well, I don't suppose there is much choice. All right, Jane, let's put it into action. Conversation Two

未听先知 预览四道题各选项，第14、15题的选项均以形容词为主，无法通过这些形容词判断出对话主题，但由第12题中的the other half，relationship，picture of life等词可以判断，对话涉及到了恋爱关系以及人们对爱情的理解，而通过第13题的各选项也可以确定对话内容与某位男士的精彩生活有关。

12. A) They have unrealistic expectations about the other half. B) They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship. C) They form a more realistic picture of life. D) They try to adapt to their changing roles.

Q: What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairs?

听前猜测 四个选项均以They开头，根据选项A)“他们对自己的另一半有着不切实际的期待”、B)“他们或许没有准备好形成一种相伴一生的关系”、C)“他们对生活有了更为现实的认识”和D)“他们想要适应自己角色的转变”可以判断，选项中的they指的就是普通大众，本题考查的是人们对爱情或者婚姻、家庭的看法。

详解 对话中女士问男士为什么爱情不能永葆活力，男士说人们陷入恋爱关系时，往往都对对方抱有一种不切实际的期待，如果对方与自己想象得不一样，则希望对方能够为自己而改变，但实际上，人们很难真正改变。

13. A) He is lucky to have visited many exotic places. B) He is able to forget all the troubles in his life. C) He is able to meet many interesting people. D) He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.

Q: What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his life?

听前猜测 四个选项均以He开头，A)“他很幸运，能够去很多新奇的地方”、B)“他能够忘记生活中的烦恼”、C)“他能够认识很多有趣的人”和D)“他很幸运，能够做自己喜欢的事情”，四个选项都是在描述男士的美好生活，可以判断对话中一定讲述了男士幸福的一面，听对话时对此类信息要特别注意。

详解 对话中女士问男士，他已经62岁了，还经常到处走动，是什么吸引他一直上路，男士毫不犹豫地说是音乐促使他前行，能够做自己真正热爱的事情的人是幸运的，他们能够触碰到生活的极致。由此可见，男士所做的正是他自己喜欢的事情。 14. A) It is stressful. C) It is all glamour. B) It is full of fun. D) It is challenging.

Q: What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?

听前猜测 四个选项均为简单的主系表结构，四个形容词是关键，选项所给信息过少，无法判断本题考查内容，但听录音时，对与这些形容词有关联的内容都要注意捕捉。

详解 对话中女士问男士人们最容易对知名音乐家所产生的错误概念是什么，男士明确地说，人们认为知名音乐家的生活只有光辉，这是不对的。生活对于他们并不比对待普通人更加仁慈。

15. A) Bothered. C) Puzzled. B) Amazed. D) Excited.

Q: How does the man feel whenever he is recognized by his fans?

听前猜测 四个选项均为单个形容词，有正面的，也有负面的，选项所给信息过少，无法判断本题考查内容，但听录音时，对与这些形容词有关联的内容都要注意捕捉。

详解 对话中女士问男士走到哪儿都会被人认出来的感觉如何，男士说，按说他应该已经习惯了这种感觉，但事实是，他依然感觉十分惊异。他举了一个例子，他曾经去过一个日本小镇，那里的人根本不会说英语，但却一下子就认出他了，还知道他的音乐。fascinating和amazed的意思相似，都表示“惊异，惊喜”。

M: (13) Music. I don't especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you've got the ultimate in life. W: What's the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?

M: (14) People think it's all glamour. Actually we have the same trouble as they do. Playing music doesn't mean life treats you any better.

W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?

M: You'd think I'd be used to it by now. (15) But I still find it fascinating. You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on site and know all of your music. I'm still amazed by the love people express for me and by music. Section B Passage One

未听先知 预览三道题各选项，由第16题中的organizational culture，第17题和18题中多次出现的team一词，以及qualifications，team manager，cultures等词可以推测，短文可能与企业或商业环境中的团队合作、团队建设有关。 16. A) Maintain the traditional organizational culture. B) Learn new ways of relating and working together. C) Follow closely the fast development of technology. D) Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization. Q: What should team members do to fully realize their potential?

听前猜测 四个选项均为以动词原形开头的句子结构，可以判断本题考查的是行为动作。A)“保持传统的组织文化”、B)“学习新的关联方式，共同协作”、C)“紧跟技术的快速发展”和D)“学会尊重企业等级制度”均为现代企业中员工所应该做的事情，听录音时注意判断文章当中提到的是哪一点。

详解 短文中说，虽然团队当中可能有些人的确非常博学，但他们也应该学会与团队中的其他人员共同协作，形成良好的合作关系，一起解决问题。 17. A) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve. B) How the team is built to keep improving its performance. C) What type of personnel the team should be composed of. D) What qualifications team members should be equipped with. Q: What needs to be considered for effective team management?

听前猜测 四个选项均为疑问词开头的陈述句语序的句子，因此可以判断问题中一定包含某种结构，这些选项均可以充当该词或该表达的宾语。结合选项A)“团队该怎样与它的服务对象相融合”、B)“该怎样建设团队才能改善团队表现”、C)“团队中应该纳入什么样的员工”和D)“团队中的成员应该具有怎样的素质”可以推测，本题考查应该怎样进行团队建设。 详解 短文中提到，问题不仅在于应该怎样让团队更高效地工作，还应该让团队与他所服务的公司或社会融合在一起。

18. A) A team manager must set very clear and high objectives. B) Teams must consist of members from different cultures. C) Team members should be knowledgeable and creative. D) A team manager should develop a certain set of skills. Q: What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?

听前猜测 四个选项的意思分别为A)“团队经理必须设立清晰且较高的目标”、B)“团队必须包含有不同文化背景的队员”、C)“团队成员应该知识丰富，并富有创造性”和D)“团队经理应该具备某些特定的技能”，其中有两项都提到了团队经理，可以初步判断本题考查的内容极有可能与团队经理所应该具备的素质或是其所应该承担的责任有关。

详解 短文中提到按照Casey的看法，如果团队经理能够展示出他所提到的各种素质，整个团队就能够更好地发挥潜力，实现目标。也就是说，团队经理应该具备某些特定的素质。 Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. (16) Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. (17) Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society that it supposedly serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group's performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and other's cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. (18) If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team, as a whole, would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives. Passage Two

未听先知 预览三道题各选项，由第20题中的He可以推断，文章与某位男士的个人经历有关，该题选项中出现了computer scientists，computer business等词，再结合第19题中的program，第21题中的technology，computer expertise可以推测，文章可能围绕计算机行业中的某位男士展开。

19. A) It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois. B) It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text. C) It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long. D) It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web. Q: What do we learn about Mosaic?

听前猜测 四个选项均以It开头，意思分别为A)“它是Illinois大学提供的分享教学观点的平台”、B)“它主要用于科学家和技术人员之间的文字信息传递”、C)“它刚开始时是一个很成功的软件，但没能持续很久”和D)“这一程序允许人们通过网络共享信息”，由此可以判断，It一定是某种技术形式，更有可能是某种软件或平台，本题考查内容与It的功能有关。 详解 短文一开始就提到，Mark和他的朋友开发了Mosaic，它可以允许人们通过网络在全世界范围内共享信息。

20. A) He visited a number of famous computer scientists. B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark. C) He sold a program developed by his friends.

D) He invested in a leading computer business.

Q: What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?

听前猜测 选项均以He开头，A)“他拜访了一批著名的计算机科学家”、B)“他与一位名为Jim Clark的企业家碰了面”、C)“他卖掉了朋友们开发的软件”和D)“他投资了一项领先的计算机生意”都是对He行为动作的描述，听录音时应注意捕捉与He的行为动作相关的信息。 详解 短文中说Andreessen一到硅谷，首先就与硅谷的著名企业家Jim Clark进行了会面。 21. A) They had confidence in his new ideas. B) They trusted his computer expertise. C) They were very keen on new technology. D) They believed in his business connections.

Q: Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark's investment?

听前猜测 四个选项均以They开头，A)“他们对他的新想法充满信心”、B)“他们相信他的计算机专业知识”、C)“他们对新科技十分狂热”、D)“他们相信他的业务关系”都是在表述“他们”对于“他”的看法，听录音时首先要确定的是They和he分别指代的是什么人，才能正确判断他们之间的关联。

详解 短文最后一部分说，Clark不仅自己投了资，还为Andreessen找了风险投资家，他们之所以愿意为Andreessen投资，主要是因为他们热衷于Clark的新想法。

In early 1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. (19) As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the world wide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed a program which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university's network at the beginning of 1993. And by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. (20) Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley's most famous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. (21) Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteen million from venture capitalists who were always keen to listen to Clark's new ideas. Passage Three

未听先知 预览四道题各选项，第22题中反复出现了advertising一词，第24题选项中也出现了advertising，ads，commercials等词，可以猜测文章内容与广告行业有关。 22. A) Prestige advertising. C) Word-of-mouth advertising. B) Institutional advertising. D) Distributing free trial products. Q: What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?

听前猜测 选项均为名词短语，A)、B)、C)三个选项描述的都是广告类型，D)虽然没有出现advertising一词，但“分发免费试用品”也是广告推销的一种形式，可以判定本题考查内容与广告形式有关。

详解 短文开头处提到，最好的广告形式就是口口相传，也就是人们会把自己认为不错的产品或服务推荐给朋友。 23. A) To sell a particular product. B) To build up their reputation. C) To promote a specific service. D) To attract high-end consumers.

Q: What does the speaker say is the purpose of many organizations' using prestige advertising? 听前猜测 选项均为不定式短语，通常不定式短语所表达的是目的、打算或是即将发生的行为动作，由各选项意思：A)“销售特定商品”、B)“树立声誉”、C)“推广特定服务”和D)“吸引高端客户”可以推测，本题考查内容与广告的目的有关。

详解 短文中提到很多机构通过广告公司进行宣传，并不一定是想要销售产品，更多的是想树立企业或公司的良好声誉。

24. A) By using the services of large advertising agencies. B) By hiring their own professional advertising staff. C) By buying media space in leading newspapers. D) By creating their own ads and commercials.

Q: How do large companies generally handle their advertising?

【听前猜测】 四个选项均为以By开头的介词短语，介词by通常表示某种方式或手段，由各选项的意思：A)“使用大型广告公司的服务”、B)“雇用自己的专业广告人员”、C)“在行业领先的报纸上购买广告空间”和D)“制作自己的广告”可知，本题考查的是通过何种手段进行广告活动。

【详解】 短文中提到，虽然对于大公司来说，建立自己的广告部门、自己撰写广告方案、购买媒体空间都不是多么困难的事情，但他们还是倾向于借助大型广告公司所提供的服务来做广告。

25. A) Decide on what specific means of communication to employ. B) Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs. C) Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.

D) Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions. Q: What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?

【听前猜测】 四个选项均为动词原形开头的句子结构，可以判定本题考查的是行为动作，由B)选项中的survey和D)选项中的Pre-test，ads可以推测，本题考查内容与真正投放广告前的行为有关。

【详解】 短文最后提到，广告公司在向全国投放广告之前，通常会先小范围地在报纸、电视等渠道上进行测试，也就是说，他们会在特定的地区进行广告试验。

Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. (22) The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. (23) Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. (24) Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. (25) Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations, etc., in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign. Section C

文章大意 文章先讲述了灭绝这一概念，即一旦物种灭绝，便是一种不可逆转的变化。接下来，由物种的灭绝转向了人类对自然环境的破坏。最后指出，人类目前正在经历着极为重大的变革。

26. 详解 空格位于不定冠词an和名词concept之间，应该填入以元音发音开头的形容词作定语，修饰名词concept。第一句提到物种灭绝是一个不容易理解的概念，而在下文提到，它与杀死那些可以再重生的单个生命形式不同，也就是说，它是一个永远无法逆转的概念。eternal意为“永远的，永恒的”。

27. 详解 空格所在句和后面两句构成了排比句式，说明了extinction这一概念的独特性。空格所在句为倒装句，充当句子的表语，由于空格后有名词，因此，填入的词需要和名词numbers一起构成名词性短语。由句意可知，灭绝不仅仅是数字的减少。diminish意为“减少，减小”。

28. 详解 空格位于连词and之前，需要填入一个形容词，与final形成并列关系，一起来修饰名词act。物种的灭绝是永远的消失，绝对不会再出现。absolute意为“绝对的”。 29. 详解 空格位于状语从句中的谓语部分，由于前面的主语为复数，主句时态为一般将来时，因此，空格内填入动词的一般现在时。由空格后的in coming centuries可知，此处要表达的意思是：不管在我们之后还有多少代人会继续生存，都不会再看到那些已经灭绝的物种了。succeed意为“接替，继承”。

30. 详解 空格所在句不缺少句子主要成分，因此，应填入副词或副词短语，充当句子的状语。上一段提到了灭绝，本段提到了人类对自然资源的浪费和破坏，这些都是大范围的行为。on a vast scale意为“大面积的，大范围的”。

31. 详解 空格与其后的名词短语basic natural resources不是句子主干的一部分，因此需要填入介词，构成介词短语。上一句说到了人类对天空、大地和空气的污染，本句则提到了自然资源。As regards意为“至于，关于”。注意空格位于句首，As首字母需要大写。 32. 详解 空格位于句子的谓语部分，与are...being连在一起构成现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被……”，因此应该填入动词或动词词组。由but we are also mining可知，此处要

表达的意思是：我们正在以疯狂的速度和手段将自然界中不可再生的资源消耗殆尽。used up意为“用光，消耗光”。注意使用动词的过去分词形式。

33. 详解 空格前有两个动名词processing，consuming，由and确认这三个词应该是并列关系，因此也填入动词的-ing形式。这里要表达的意思是：人类正在处理、消耗、丢弃珍贵的资源。disposing意为“处理，扔掉”。

34. 详解 空格位于形容词cultural之后，应该填入名词，与cultural形成名词短语后，再通过or与historical change形成并列关系。与change“变化”相对应的词为modification。modification意为“修改，改变”。

35. 详解 空格位于介词of之后，应该填入名词，充当介词的宾语。空格所在句要表达的意思是：人类正在经历的变革十分重大，不仅是简单的历史变迁或是文化变更，而是地理、生物以及心理等各种秩序的重大变革。magnitude意为“重要性，重要程度”。

Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an (26) eternal concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual lifeforms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply (27) diminishing numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an (28) absolute and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations (29) succeed us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.

Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life (30) on a vast scale, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed. (31) As regards basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being (32) used up in a frenzy (疯狂) of processing, consuming, and (33) disposing, but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural

(34) modification, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of (35) magnitude.

PART Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Section A

全文翻译及语篇分析

第1段以诺基亚公司为例，指出技术产业中存在着一条规律。

技术产业中似乎存在一条定律，即处于领先地位的公司(leading companies)最终都会很快地失去自己的地位，这一过程残酷无情。手机生产巨头诺基亚公司被誉为欧洲最成功的技术企业之一，也并不例外，它在几年之内就失去了自己的市场份额(market share)。 第2段指出诺基亚公司从盛到衰的转变。

2007年时，诺基亚公司占(account for)全世界手机销量的40%以上。但此时客户的偏好(preference)正在向触屏智能手机转变。年中时，随着苹果公司手机的面世，诺基亚市场份额缩小，收入骤降。到2013年年底时，诺基亚将自己的手机业务出售给了微软公司。

第3、4、5段指出诺基亚公司衰败的三点原因：首席执行官决策失误，董事会拒绝变革，降低成本的努力伤及企业文化。

正是史蒂芬·埃洛普的一系列决策抹杀了诺基亚的未来，他于2010年10月开始担任诺基亚公司首席执行官一职。在埃洛普掌控(in charge of)诺基亚期间，公司市值每天缩水2300万美元，这一数字使他成为史上最差的首席执行官。

但出问题的并不仅仅是埃洛普一人。诺基亚的董事会(board)拒绝变革，致使公司无法适应产业的快速变化。最显著的就是约玛·奥利拉，正是他引领诺基亚从一个实业公司成长为技术巨人，但他过于迷恋公司以前所取得的成就，而未意识到需要做出改变，以保持(sustain)公司的竞争力。

公司还开始了一场孤注一掷的降低成本运动，削减了数千个工作岗位。这一做法有损于公司原本生机勃勃的(once-spirited)企业文化，而正是这种文化促使(motivate)员工们敢于冒险，创造奇迹。优秀的领导者离开了公司，同时带走了诺基亚的发展愿景及目标。无怪乎有很多设计和编程方面的人才(talent)也离开了公司。 选顶归类

名词 B) bias 偏见，倾向；D) deterioration 变质，退化，恶化；E) exception 例外；F) fault 过错，过失

动词 A) assumed 承担（权力，责任）；J) relayed 接替，转播，转告；K) shifting 改变，略微移动；L) shrank 收缩，缩减；N) transmitting 传导，传播

形容词 C) desperate 绝望的，孤注一掷的；I) previous 先前的；M) subtle 微妙的，不易察觉的

副词 G) incidentally 顺便地，附带；H) notably 显著地，尤其；O) worldwide 在全世界 试题详解

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no (36) exception, losing its market share in just a few years. 36. E)。详解 该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且位于系动词was和形容词no之后，此处可以理解为形容词作定语修饰名词，因此应填入名词exception作整个句子的表语，结合上下文综合分析，本句含义为：手机生产商诺基亚公司也并不例外。故答案为E) exception “例外”。

点睛 备选项中bias，deterioration，fault与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales (37) worldwide. But consumers' preferences were already (38) shifting toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share (39) shrank rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. 37. O)。详解 该空格位于主谓结构的句子中，并处于句子的末端，本句主要成分齐全，因此应填入副词worldwide作地点状语，起修饰作用。本句含义为“2007年时，诺基亚公司占全世界手机销量的40%以上”。故答案为O) worldwide “在全世界”。 点睛 备选项中incidentally及notably与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

38. K)。详解 该空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，系动词were之后，介词toward之前，因此可填入现在分词，构成过去进行时，描述过去某一时间正在发生的动作或行为，本句含义为“但此时客户的偏好正在向触屏智能手机转变”。故答案为K) shifting “改变，略微移动”。 点睛 备选项中transmitting与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

39. L)。详解 该空格位于句子主语之后的谓语动词位置，根据上下文判断此处应为一般过去时，因此应填入动词过去式，本句的含义为“诺基亚市场份额缩小，收入骤降”。故答案为L) shrank “收缩，缩减”。

点睛 备选项中assumed及relayed虽然满足语法要求，但其与上下文语义不符，故排除。 What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he (40) assumed in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.

40. A)。详解 该空格位于以which引导的定语从句中，且处于定语从句的谓语动词位置，又因出现了明确的时间状语in October 2010，因此应填入动词过去式，本句的含义为“他于2010年10月开始担任诺基亚公司首席执行官一职”。故答案为A) assumed “承担（权力，责任）”。

点睛 备选项中relayed与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

But Elop was not the only person at (41) fault. Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most (42) notably, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's (43) previous success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.

41. F)。详解 该空格位于介词at之后，应填入名词，构成介宾短语，at fault为固定搭配，含义为“有责任，有过错”，本句含义为“但出问题的并不仅仅是埃洛普一人”。故答案为F) fault “过错，过失”。

点睛 备选项中bias及deterioration与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

42. H)。详解 该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且该句主要成分齐全，空格位于Most之后，应填入副词，构成最高级形式，本句含义为“最显著的就是Jorma Ollila”。故答案为H) notably “显著地，尤其”。

点睛 备选项中incidentally与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

43. I)。详解 该空格位于名词所有格the company's之后，名词success之前，可填入形容词进一步修饰名词success，本句含义为“但他过于迷恋公司以前所取得的成就”，故答案为I) previous “先前的”。

点睛 备选项中desperate及subtle与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

The company also embarked on a (44) desperate cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the (45) deterioration of the company's once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.

44. C)。详解 该空格位于不定冠词a之后，名词短语cost-cutting program之前，应填入形容词进一步修饰名词短语的中心词program。本句含义为“公司还开始了一场孤注一掷的降低成本运动”。故答案为C) desperate “绝望的，不顾一切的，孤注一掷的”。 点睛 备选项中subtle与上下文语义不符，故应排除。

45. D)。详解 该空格位于定冠词the之后，介词of之前，应填入名词。本句含义为“这有损于公司原本生机勃勃的企业文化”。故答案为D) deterioration “变质，退化，恶化”。 点睛 备选项中bias与上下文语义不符，故应排除。 Section B

全文翻译及语篇分析

[A]-[C]段以尼杰·威廉姆斯为例，说明第一代大学生并没有充分认识到高等学校竞争的激烈性。很多人因为经济负担重，所以还做兼职，而他们更需要在学习上下功夫，这导致了第一代大学生的低毕业率。

第一代大学生的窘况：准备不足、力不从心

那些家里祖祖辈辈都没上过大学的大学生，对高等学校的了解不多，因此和同龄人比起来，辍学的可能性更大。

[A] (50-1)尼杰·威廉姆斯去年秋天考上了大学，他是家里的第一个大学生，父母是牙买加移民。当时，他在学习上并没有准备好面对严格的高等教育(the rigors of higher education)。和许多第一代大学生一样，尼杰考取了一所中等规模的州立大学，他的很多高中同学也考到了这所学校。他申请到了佩尔助学金，还向联邦贷款银行贷了一些钱用来支付其他费用。(50-2)由于食宿费用高，学校离家也近，尼杰就选择了住在家里，一边上学，一边打工，每周工作30至40个小时。

[B] (48)那时尼杰并没有意识到他就读的学校一田纳西州立大学，其毕业率(graduation rate)低得骇人：第一代大学生的毕业率仅为29%。第一学年末，他就因为成绩没有达到GPA 2.0的标准，而失去了5000美元的佩尔助学金，迫使他没钱继续上学了。

[C] 尼杰代表了美国人中一个日益扩大的群体：那些进校时毫无准备或落后的第一代大学生。更糟糕的是，这些学校没有能力让这些面临特殊挑战和障碍的年轻学生毕业。(47)通常，这些学生的经济负担比同龄人更重，所以上学期间多半会做兼职，在学习上往往更需要下功夫补习。

[D]-[H]段介绍了非赢利性组织“我是第一代”对于第一代大学生的帮助，并剖析了第一代大学生毕业率的原因，同时指出第一代大学生因为信息不足，缺乏相关的帮助，他们都低估了自己的能力。

[D] 马特·鲁比诺夫是非赢利性组织(nonprofit organization)“我是第一代”的指导员，该组织成立于去年十月，旨在帮助这一特定群体。()他希望把这个信息传出去，并帮助那些要上大学的学生找到最合适的学校。鲁比诺夫认为有很多四年制的大学的确关心这些学生，并给他们预留了很多资源和项目，但这类学校的数量还是不多。

[E] “但也不仅仅是因为能给这些学生提供机会的学校数量不多，这类学校多是名校，对考生也很挑剔(selective)，”鲁比诺夫补充说，所以大多数第一代大学生往往会选择网络课程、两年制院校或者走读制的州立学校。“遗憾的是，由于信息不足和缺乏帮助，这些学生的所思所想无法更宽、更广。”

[F] 尽管如此，还是有一些学生会被这类学校吸引，特别是两年制的学校。作为曾经的中学教师，我目睹了一届届的学生年复一年地选择这些熟悉的、学费更低的学校。他们并不是完全不接受高等教育，而是选择了入学门槛(bars for admittance)低的社区学院或公立学校。 [G] (52-1)“内线”的营销主管戴夫·贾拉说：“他们择校时往往低估自己”。“内线”是一个赢利性组织，专门培训低收人家庭的学生，同时为高校提供支持，以帮助学生成长。(52-2)“其实，很多低收入家庭的孩子本可以拿全额奖学金念名牌大学，但他们根本就没有认识到这一点。” [H] (46)“很多学生身边缺乏成功地从大学毕业的例子，所以他们上学以后总是质疑自己的能力，同时也质疑自己上的这所大学是不是值得，”贾拉继续说道。正如“我是第一代”机构的鲁比诺夫所指出的，这也就解释了为什么这些学生常去的学校往往是最不适合他们的。诺克斯维尔的田纳西大学就是可以说明该困境(dilemma)的一个典型例子。该校是南部的一所旗舰大学，虽然总毕业率达71%,但第一代大学生的毕业率只有16%。田纳西大学和田纳西州立大学相距只有几个小时的车程，所以这两所学校值得比较一下。田纳西州立大学总毕业率仅为39%，但至少第一代大学生和同龄人之间毕业率的差距要比田纳西大学小得多。 [I]-[J]段指出很多大学对于第一代大学生的毕业率信息不透明，以及这对考生造成的影响。 [I] 然而田纳西大学信息透明(transparent)，这很值得嘉奖。(51)很多大型高校对第一代大学生的毕业率数据保密，或者至少使这些数据难于找到。例如，北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校只承认其第一代学生的毕业率“远低于”四年内的总毕业率（81%）。

[J] 实际上很难找到一些高校有关这个问题的可靠数据。根据联邦法律，高等教育机构应上报毕业率，但这些报告通常只包括佩尔助学金获得者的毕业人数，并不是只针对第一代大学生的毕业率。用其他办法也不能分解(navigate)该数据。试想一下，若报考学生不熟悉如何查找这类信息以确定对其最合适的学校，这对他们来说是多么可怕啊。

[K]-[O]段指出非赢利性机构“我是第一代”的创办原因，同时以琼斯和克里斯蒂安·巴斯克斯为例，说明很多顶尖大学为第一代大学生提供了很多帮助，所以第一代大学生的毕业率很高。 [K] 正是由于信息缺乏，促使“我是第一代”机构于2013年成立，该机构最初是联盟组织(umbrella organization)“为学生提供机会中心”的一个部门。“如果我们能把学生的注意力更多地转向这些既现实又能考取的学校，帮助他们了解这些院校，如果我们能让他们更多地申请这些学校，最终被录取并去上学，我们就能提高成功率(raise the success rate)，”鲁比诺夫如是说，还援引了从大型州立院校到更小一些的私立学校等各种院校。

[L] 目前在“我是第一代”机构指导学生规划的切尔西·琼斯就是毕业于霍华德大学的第一代大学生。与其他同学一样，初进入到高等教育的世界时，她也万分惊恐，经常在上学的路上挣扎不已。“我所就读的高中并没有一个真正的考大学的氛围，”她说，“我想上大学，但我真不知道该怎么做。”琼斯在高中就通过普林斯顿大学开始接触大学的人学程序。现在，她认为自己对大学的很多理解都是源于那次经历：“但是我到学校之后，发现这是一个完全不同的比赛，而且也没有人教过我该怎么做。”

[M] 但她很幸运。霍华德大学，历史上就是一所备受好评的黑学，拥有丰富的资源来帮助第一代大学生，包括给学生配备相匹配的辅导员，组织活动让第一代大学生互相联系，还有一个支持200名霍华德大学生的TRIO国家方案。(55)尽管如此，琼斯仅代表了那些能考入这些更著名精英大学的第一代大学生中的一小部分，而这些学校往往有稳健的资金援助计划(robust financial aid)，所以第一代学生的毕业率也很高。（例如，哈佛大学宣称代表性不足的少数民族群体六年制的大学生的毕业率高达98%。）

[N] 克里斯蒂安·巴斯克斯是耶鲁大学的第一代大学生，但他的情况又很例外。他成功地毕业了，这使他与尼杰这类学生有天壤之别。(49)“耶鲁大学给学生提供了很多帮助，在一定

程度上来说给的帮助太多了，”他半开玩笑得对耶鲁大学的各种各样的资源评价道。学生被分成若干个小组由辅导员（学校里经过培训的高年级学生）带着；还有机会接触到各种文化和民族联系的小组、辅导中心，还有专门针对第一代大学生的夏季学校情况介绍活动（最后一种情况更为常见）。

[O] “我们的帮助系统更像是：‘你一定会从耶鲁大学毕业的，你一定会做得很好，’”他说道，(53)导师、教职员工和教授都为那些在这样一所顶尖学校中缺乏归属感的学生提供了很多帮助。 试题详解

46. Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree. 译文 很多第一代大学生怀疑自己是否有能力拿到大学文凭。

定位 由题干关键词have doubts about their abilities定位到原文画线处。

[H] \"Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness,\" Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first-generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first-generation students and those of their peers.

详解 [H]段第一句提到，很多学生身边没有人成功地从大学毕业，所以他们上学以后总是质疑自己的能力，同时也质疑自己上的这所大学是否值得。题干中的have doubts about their abilities对应原文中的questioning themselves，故答案为[H]。

47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers. 译文 第一代大学生的经济负担往往比同龄人更重。

定位 由题干关键词heavier financial burdens定位到原文画线处。

[C] Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first-generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill- equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习). 详解 [C]段提到，通常这些学生的经济负担比同龄人更重。所以上学期间多半多做兼职，在学习上往往更需要下功夫补习。题干中的have much heavier financial burdens对应原文中的carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers，故答案为[C]。

48. The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low. 译文 尼杰所就读大学的第一代大学生毕业率低得令人难以置信。 定位 由题干关键词graduation rate，Nijay's和low定位到原文画线处。

[B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school.

详解 [B]段第一句提到，那里尼杰并没有意识到他就读的学校——田纳西州立大学，其毕业率低得骇人。题干中的incredibly low对应原文中的frighteningly low graduation rate，故答案为[B]。

49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation students with more support than they actually need.

译文 像耶鲁这样的顶尖大学似乎给其第一代大学生提供了超过他们实际需求的帮助。 定位 由题干关键词Yale和more support定位到原文画线处。

[N] Christian Vazquez, a first-generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay. \"There's a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support,\" he said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first-generation students (the latter being one of the most common programs for students).

详解 [N]段提到，克里斯蒂安·巴斯克斯认为“耶鲁大学给学生提供了很多帮助，在一定程度上来说给的帮助太多了”。题干中的provide first-generation students with more support than they actually need对应原文中的there is too much support，故答案为[N]。

50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was. 译文 尼杰·威廉姆斯刚进入大学时，并不知道大学教育会有多大的挑战。 定位 由题干关键词entering college和Nijay Williams定位到原文画线处。

[A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first-generation student and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first-generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs. Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule. 详解 [A]段第一句提到，尼杰·威廉姆斯去年秋天考上了大学，他是家里的第一个大学生，父母是牙买加移 民。当时，他在学习上并没有准备好面对严格的高等教育。该段结尾处又提到，由于食宿费用高，学校离家也近，尼杰就选择了住在家里，一边上学，一边打工，每周工作30至40个小时。由此可知，尼杰刚上大学时对于大学教育会有多大挑战的认识不充分，题干是对该段的概括，故答案为[A]。

51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.

译文 很多大学直接拒绝公布第一代大学生毕业率的准确数据。

定位 由题干关键词graduation rates及first-generation students定位到原文画线处。 [I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret — or at least make it incredibly difficult to find. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its

first-generation pupils is \"much lower\" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).

详解 [I]段提到，很多大型高校对于第一代大学生的毕业率数据保密，或者至少使这些数据很难找到。题干中的refuse to release their exact graduation rates对应原文中的keep this kind of data secret，故答案为[I]。

52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.

译文 根据某位市场部高管所说，很多来自低收入家庭的学生并不知道自己能有机会上一所名校。

定位 由题干关键词marketing executive，students from low-income families和an elite university定位到原文画线处。

[G] \"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,\" said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for-profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. \"The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it.\" 详解 [G]段提到，“内线”的营销主管戴夫·贾拉指出，“其实，很多低收人家庭的孩子本可以拿全额奖学金念名牌大学，但他们根本就没有认识到这一点。”题干中的could have a chance of going to an elite university对应原文中的could be going to elite universities，故答案为[G]。

53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students' self-confidence.

译文 一些精英大学很看重培养第一代大学生的自信心。

定位 由题干关键词Some elite universities和confidence定位到原文画线处。

[O] \"Our support structure was more like: 'You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well',\" he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about \"belonging\" at such a top institution.

详解 [O]段提到，耶鲁大学的导师、教职员工和教授为那些在这样一所顶尖学校中缺乏归属感的学生提供了很多帮助。由此可知，耶鲁这样的名校很看重培养第一代大学生的自信心。题干是对原文的概括，其中Some elite universities对应原文中的such a top institution，故答案为[O]。

. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.

译文 “我是第一代”传播信息以帮助第一代大学生找到最适合他们的学校。

定位 由题干关键词I'm First, distributes information和college-goers定位到原文画线处。 [D] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four- year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.

详解 [D]段提到，马特·鲁比诺夫是非赢利性组织“我是第一代”的指导员。他希望把这个信息传出去，并帮助那些要上大学的学生找到最合适的学校。题干中的find schools that are most suitable for them对应原文中的find the best post-secondary fit，故答案为[D]。 55. Elite universities tend to graduate first-generation students at a higher rate. 译文 很多精英大学第一代大学生的毕业率往往很高。

定位 由题干关键词Elite universities和at a higher rate定位到原文画线处。

[M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well-regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first-generation students, including matching kids with counselors, connecting first-generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first-generation students. (Harvard, for example, boasts a six-year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent.) 详解 [M]段提到，琼斯仅代表了那些考入这些更著名精英大学的第一代大学生中的一小部分，而这些学校往往有稳健的资金援助计划，而且第一代学生的毕业率也很高。题干中的at a higher rate对应原文中的remarkably high graduation rates，故答案为[M]。 Section C Passage One 全文翻译及语篇分析

第1-2段引出话题，要求医生在决定医疗方案的同时还要考虑医疗费用成本。

国内一些最具影响力的医疗集团表示，他们再也不能无视不断上升的医疗保健价格，(56)并建议医生们在决定治疗方案时不仅要考虑疗效，还要权衡医疗成本费用。

这一变化，尽管在医疗机构以外还鲜受关注，但在其内部已备受争议。(57)(58-1)这意味着医生们要重新定义其角色，从单纯考虑病人个体转为对医疗费用的使用施加影响。 第3-4段重点分析了这种新医疗指导方针的深层意义和影响。

(58-2)从实操层面来看，如果新的指导方针得以发展可能会导致医生出于医疗成本原因选择一种药品而不选择另一种，甚至认为某一治疗方案对于临终病人过于昂贵。更有一些极端的批评家提出基于费用做出的治疗决定是一种配给制的形式。

依照传统，指导方针极大地影响着医药行为，而最新出台的指导方针则有望使医生们更加注意其医疗决定背后的经济后果，尽管并不会追究他们的责任。医疗界的指导方针也被保险公司用来协助确定其报销。

第5-9段从医生的角度度提出这种新指导方针存在的问题，并进行了实例分析。

(59-1)一些医生发现，同时作为医疗服务提供者与医疗成本费用监察员，本就存在着潜在矛盾。

波士顿医院的马丁·森姆尔斯医生说：“社会上应该有关注预算的力量，这不应该由医生同时承担。”他指出如果医生告诉病人：“我不能对你采取我认为的最佳方案，因为这对马萨诸塞州的医疗预算不利。”(59-2)这将极可能使医生失去病人的信任。

医生们还可能面临一些艰难的权衡。例如，研究表明，两种药物对于治疗黄斑变性这种眼部疾病的疗效相当。但一种药品的花费是每剂量50美元，而另一种则接近2000美元。如果每

个人都选用便宜的阿瓦斯汀而不是较为昂贵的雷珠单抗，那么医疗保险一年将会节省上亿美元开支。

但是，美国食品药品监督管理局还未批准阿瓦斯汀用于眼科治疗，使用它替代雷珠单抗可能会产生附加的安全风险，尽管这种风险可能极其轻微。医生们是否应该在决定使用何种药物时考虑医保预算呢？

“我认为在道德层面上，我们应仅仅替我们面前的病人分忧，而不是想着为保险行业或整个社会省钱，”唐纳德·杰森医生说道。

第10段总结陈述，认为医生不可避免地还是会卷入医疗的经济决策中。

(60)不过，一些分析人士认为医生仍然要承担分析费用的角色，因为很少有其他群体能做到。“从某种意义上讲，”丹尼尔·赛尔马西医生说道，“这代表着整个社会处理这一问题的失败。” 试题详解

56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do? A) Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take. B) Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments. C) Take costs into account when making treatment decisions. D) Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.

定位 由题干关键词influential medical groups定位到文章首段的后半部分：...that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care. 详解 事实细节题。定位句指出医疗集团建议医生在决定病人的治疗方案时，不仅要考虑疗效，还要考虑医疗成本费用，故答案为C)。

点睛 A)“反思他们所应承担的责任”，在原文并没有明确提示，可以排除；B)“对其治疗效果更加注意”，这与原文要表达的意思正好相反，可以排除；D)“从削减医保的角度重新调整其操作”，原文虽然提到医生要考虑医疗费用，但并没有明确提出让医生们直接考虑削减医保，可以排除。

57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past? A) Specific medicines to be used. B) Effects of medical treatment. C) Professional advancement. D) Patients' trust.

定位 由题干关键词doctors，concerned和in the past定位到文章第二段后半部分：...from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.

详解 推理判断题。从定位句及其所在段落可以看出，作者提到一个关于医生角色的关键性的变化，即从单纯考虑病人个体转为对医疗费用的使用施加影响，可见，医生过去只考虑治疗效果，故答案为B)。

点睛 A)“具体使用哪种药品”，过于片面，可以排除；C)“行业的进步”，原文中没有提及，可以排除；D)“患者的信任”，尽管后文提到了医生如果一味考虑医疗成本，极可能会失去患者的信任，但从整体看，医生过去首要关注的还是疗效，患者的信任也是基于疗效，可以排除。

58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to? A) The redefining of doctors' roles. B) Overuse of less effective medicines. C) Conflicts between doctors and patients. D) The prolonging of patients' suffering.

定位 根据题干关键词new guidelines和lead to定位到文章第三段首句：...the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive.

详解 事实细节题。定位句指出，医生会基于价格考虑，从而决定药品的使用和医疗方案，这与上一段首句提到的redefine their roles相呼应，医生从仅仅只考虑疗效到在决定中引入费用因素，其角色确实发生了转变，故答案为A)。

点睛 B)“过度使用疗效较差的药品”，文中只是提到医生会在使用药品的决策上考虑费用，并没有说会更多使用疗效较差的药品，可以排除；C)“医患之间的矛盾”，第六段虽然提到医生考虑经济因素可能引发患者的不信任，但还没有上升到医患矛盾，故不是新的主要后果，可以排除；D)“延长患者的痛苦”，文中没有提到新的医疗指导方针会产生这样的后果，可以排除。

59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers? A) They may be involved in a conflict of interest. B) They may be forced to divide their attention. C) They may have to use less effective drugs. D) They may lose the respect of patients.

定位 由题干关键词risk和providers，financial overseers定位到文章第五段：Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers.和第六段第二句：He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients...

详解 事实细节题。第五段首先提到医生作为医疗服务提供者和医疗成本监察员，本就存在着潜在矛盾，而在随后的第六段第二句中又明确指出，这样会使医生失去病人的信任，故答案为D)。

点睛 A)“他们可能陷人利益矛盾中”，该句说法过于笼统，可以排除；B)“他们可能被迫分散精力”，文章并没有明确提出医生身兼两种角色时可能会分散精力，可以排除；C)“他们可能不得不使用效力较差的药品”，本题考查的是医生身兼两种角色的风险，对于不同药物药力的比较，虽然原文有所提及，但这并不是医生们面临的风险，可以排除。 60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis? A) It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads. B) It will help to save money for society as a whole. C) It results from society's failure to tackle the problem. D) It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.

定位 由题干关键词experts和medical cost analysis 定位到文章最后一段：Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so, \"In

some ways,\" said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, \"it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.\"

详解 推理判断题。最后一段首句指出，尽管医生兼任医药成本监察员的职责并不合适，但又不得不为之，因为很少有其他群体能做到，而作者更进一步引用丹尼尔·赛尔马西医生的话指出，整个社会没能成功处理这一问题，故答案为C)。

点睛 A) “它可能增加医生本已沉重的负担”，医学专家并没有就医生的负担轻重进行讨论，可以排除；B)“它可以帮助整个社会节省经费”，专家们并没有提到这一点，可以排除；D)“它提升了医生的社会责任意思”，这种说法完全偏离了本文的中心思想，可以排除。 高频词汇及短语 ignore v. 忽视

recommend v. 推荐；建议 weigh v. 权衡，考量 controversial adj. 受到争议的 exert influence on 对……施加影响 ration v. 实行配给制 potential adj. 潜在的 simultaneously adv. 同时地 degeneration n. 退化；变性 take up 处理 Passage Two 全文翻译及语篇分析

第1-2段以奥巴马的演讲词引出话题，提出不公平是否是影响穷人攀登社会阶梯的重大威胁这一话题。

(61)巴拉克·奥巴马总统在上个月对美国进步中心所做的一场演讲中讲道，公是“我们这个时代的决定性挑战”。他提出，不公平是危险的，不仅仅是因为差异大看起来不好，更是因为不公平本身破坏了社会阶层的提升，令贫困者难以摆脱贫困。“持续扩大的不公平和不断减弱的社会阶层提升对美国梦构成了根本性的威胁，”他说道。

在宣称不公平是一号公敌并且是美国减少贫困最大的威胁的公众人物中，奥巴马是最重要的一位。已有为数不少的杰出经济学家指出，由于社会阶梯的间距拉大，现在穷人攀登经济阶梯的难度也随之加大。

第3段为过渡段，反驳前文奥巴马及一些经济学家的观点，提出作者所要讨论的研究和观点。 针对集中于百分之一穷困人口的所有新关注，哈佛大学和伯克利大学“均等机会项目”的数据库显示，如果我们关心的是整体的社会阶层提升，那么我们就过度夸大了差距的危险。(62)正如社会学家司各特·文舍普在其最近基于这些数据撰写的一篇文章中所提到的，不公平本身并不是社会阶层提升的强预警信号。

第4-7段聚焦哈佛和伯克利大学的研究，介绍了影响社会上升力的主要因素。

那么，在社区层面上，什么因素能够预示贫困孩子在成人后能否提高经济阶层？什么才能解释，诸如，为什么盐湖城城区是一百个最能使穷人增加财富的大都市之一，而亚特兰大地区则恰恰相反？

()哈佛经济学家拉尔·查蒂指向了经济和种族隔离、社区密度、社会中产阶层规模、学校的质量、社区宗教和他将其称为“社会阶层提升的唯一强相关因素”的家庭结构。(63)查蒂发现，像盐湖城这样兼具双亲的虔诚宗教家庭比例较高的社区，比亚特兰大那种种族和经济隔离程度高的社区更能为贫困孩子提供上升机会。

查蒂还未发表针对每个因素相关预测力的综合分析性文章。根据我对这些数据的分析，在查蒂强调的这些因素中，以下三个似乎对一个社区的社会阶层提升最具预测性： 1. 人均收人的增长

2. 单亲母亲的普遍程度（强相关，但是负相关） 3. 地方支付的人均费用

换言之，(65)人均收人增长快，双亲家庭比例高和地方支出高——这意味着好学校——更能帮助贫困孩子重现霍雷肖·阿尔杰从乞丐到富翁的故事。 试题详解

61. How does Obama view economic inequality? A) It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility. B) It is the greatest threat to social stability. C) It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth. D) It is the most malicious social evil of our time.

定位 由题干关键词Obama和economic inequality定位到文章第一段第二句：Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.

详解 事实细节题。定位句提到，奥巴马把不公平称为“我们这个时代决定性的挑战”，并指出不公平之所以危险是因为它破坏了社会阶层的提升，令贫困者难以摆脱贫困，故答案为A)。

点睛 B)“它是社会稳定的最大威胁”，本文主要探讨的是社会阶层的提升，而不是社会稳定性，可以排除；C)“它是收入增长的头号敌人”，这是对原文的曲解，社会不公平影响的主要是穷人社会经济地位的上升，文章并没有提到不公平和收人增长的关系，可以排除；D)“它是我们这个时代最恶毒的社会罪行”，原文并没有从道德角度进行阐述，可以排除。 62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis? A) It is fast widening across most parts of America. B) It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility. C) It is not correctly interpreted. D) It is overwhelmingly ignored.

定位 由题干关键词the inequality gap和Scott Winship's data analysis定位到文章第三段最后一句：Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.

详解 事实细节题。定位句指出，不公平本身并不是社会流动性的强预警信号，也就是说不公平不是社会流动性的可靠指标，后文还论证并列举了与社会活动性相关度较高的若干因素，故答案为B)。

点睛 A)“它在美国大部分地区迅速蔓延”，文章只是提到美国社会有差距，但并没有对发展趋势进行任何说明，可以排除；C)“它没有得到正确诠释”，该项的说法太过笼统，可以排除；D)“它完全被忽视了”，文章开头就高调地论述奥巴马对经济不公平现象的观点，可见，这个问题并没有被忽视，可以排除。

63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to __________. A) have placed religious beliefs above party politics B) have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor

C) offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder D) suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation

定位 根据题干中的地名Atlanta和Salt Lake City定位到文章第五段最后一句：Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation.

详解 事实细节题。定位句指出，像盐湖城这样兼具双亲的虔诚宗教家庭比例较高的社区，比亚特兰大那种种族和经济隔离程度高的社区更能为贫困孩子提供上升机会，可见，它能为贫困孩子提供更多攀登社会阶梯的机会故答案为C)。

点睛 A)“将宗教信仰置于政党之上”，文章只提到宗教问题，并没有说到政党，可以排除；B)“已经缩小了之间的差距”，比较两个城市时，作者只谈到了社会流动性，并没有提到其内部的差距，可以排除；D)“为严重的种族和经济隔离所困”，这种说法与原文相反，种族和经济隔离程度高的是亚特兰大，而不是盐湖城，可以排除。 . What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty? A) Family structure. B) Racial equality. C) School education. D) Community density.

定位 由题干关键词strongly correlated和Raj Chetty定位到 文章第五段首句：Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the \"single strongest correlate of upward mobility.\"

详解 事实细节题。根据定位句可知，在查蒂提到的若干影响社会活动性的因素中，家庭结构是“社会阶层提升的唯一强相关因素”，故答案为A)。

点睛 B)“种族平等”，该项没有被列入查蒂所说的若干因素中，可以排除；C)“学校教育”，查蒂虽然提到这个因素，但它不属于强相关因素，可以排除；D)“社区密度”，与选项C)一样，虽然提及，但不属于强相关因素，可以排除。 65. What does the author seem to suggest?

A) It is important to increase the size of the middle class. B) It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.

C) It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.

D) It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.

定位 根据题文同序原则，定位至文章最后一段：In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending—which may stand for good schools—are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.

详解 推理判断题。从定位段中可看出，作者提到如何帮助穷苦孩子提高社会经济地位时，一直都是从社区层面进行分析的，前文也多次有类似的提示，故答案为D)。

点睛 A)“加大中产阶层的规模非常重要”，这虽然是作者提到的重要影响因素之一，但不足以集中概括作者的观点，可以排除；B)“扩大城市规模十分重要”，影响社会流动性的因素中未涉及城市规模，可以排除；C)“我们应该努力消除收入不均”，作者在第三段就提出，差距并不像很多公众人物指出的那样，对社会流动性有关键性的影响力，可见，文章并没有集中讨论收入不均的问题，可以排除。 高频词汇及短语

mobility n. 流动性；灵活性 fundamental adj. 基本的 prominent adj. 卓越的，突出的 grow apart 扩大

exaggerate v. 夸张；夸大 base on 以……为基础 metropolitan adj. 大都市的 segregation n. 隔离，分开 prevalence n. 流行；普遍 PART Ⅳ Translation 参考译文

In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important decisions for them. They never care what the children really want because they believe that it is good for the children. As a result, children's growth and education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents.

If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decision, even if their children are not interested in it.

In the United States, however, parents are likely to respect their children's opinions, and to pay more attention to their opinions in making decisions.

It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education. However, they should learn how to balance the relationship between parents and the children from American parents when it comes to education. 难点注释

1. 第一段第一句比较长，一种翻译方法是将其断为两个句子翻译，以避免句子繁琐。第一个分句的翻译难点在于“竭力”，比较简单的翻译方法是如同参考译文那样，译为try every

means to do sth.；另外，还可以使用较难的表达：endeavour to do sth.。第二个分句相对简单，翻译为一个原因状语从句即可。

2. 第二句的翻译难点在于“屈从于”的翻译，英语中较为常见的翻译是yield to和surrender to。另外就是“往往”的翻译，参考译文中的tend to表达一种趋势，比较常见的more often than not也是一种不错的表达。

3. 第二段为独句段，句子看起来复杂，仔细分析句子结构可知，这句话其实包含了一个条件状语从句，一个目的状语从句和一个让步状语从句，主句是“他们会坚持自己的决定”。其次是几个短语的翻译，“报名参加”用register或sign up for均可；“增加做某事的机会”常译为increase the chance of doing sth.；“坚持自己的决定”用hold firmly表达比较形象，也可译为stick to。

4. 第三段中，“尊重孩子的意见”和“在决策时更注重他们的意见”是并列顺承关系，用and连接。“更注重”可按照参考译文那样译为pay more attention to，也可以译为attach more importance to。

5. 第四段第一句有两种翻译方法，第一种是使用It+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 结构，it作形式主语，to do sth.充当真正的主语。第二种翻译方法是使用动名词的复合结构作主语，即Chinese parents' attaching great importance to education may be praiseworthy。

6. 第四段最后一句是一个复合句，句子主干是“他们应向美国父母学习”，“涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系”是“学习”的宾语，该宾语结构应由how引出。需要注意的是“涉及”的翻译，when it comes to...是最为常见的表达方式。“平衡”在此处是一个动词，翻译时可像参考译文那样使用balance的动词用法，也可以使用其名词用法，即keep a balance between... and...。 赠品

热点预测作文

Topic 1: Success Comes in Cans, Not Cannots

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark \"Success Comes in Cans, Not Cannots.\" You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Success Comes in Cans, Not Cannots

There are many factors that can contribute to a person's success in life such as diligence, honesty, responsibility. But of all the possible characteristics that can affect one's success, self-confidence is considered to be the most important one for the following reasons.

First, if a person is full of self-confidence, it will bring his/her creative power to a full play, arouse his/her enthusiasm for work, and help him/her overcome difficulties; as a result, his/her dreams will come true. In addition, confidence makes a person brave and courageous. When he/she fails, he/she will try again and again until he/she wins. Without confidence, nothing can be accomplished. Finally, self-confidence is a very strong belief in our ability which gives us the strength and the positive attitude towards life to find out answers to every problem. Patients who believe that they'll be cured soon generally recover faster than those who think they won't. To sum up, I believe self-confidence is the most important factor in success. It enables people to realize their dreams, be brave and have a positive attitude towards life. One can surely achieve something as long as he/she has great confidence in themselves.

答案速查 Part Ⅰ （略）

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension Section A

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B Section B

16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D Section C

26. eternal 27. diminishing 28. absolute 29. succeed 30. on a vast scale 31. As regards 32. used up 33. disposing 34. modification 35. magnitude Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Section A

36. E 37. O 38. K 39. L 40. A 41. F 42. H 43. I 44. C 45. D Section B

46. H 47. C 48. B 49. N 50. A 51. I 52. G 53. O . D 55. M Section C

56. C 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. C 61. A 62. B 63. C . A 65. D

Part IV （略） 赠品

热点预测作文

Topic 2: The Importance of Teamwork

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture on the right. You should start your essay with a brief account of the importance of teamwork and then explain the reason. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

The Importance of Teamwork

As is vividly depicted in the picture, two groups of workers are laying the railway from the opposite ends. However, they find out that the track is connected in the wrong way. They quarrel and put the blame on each other. It profoundly indicates that teamwork is significant and fundamental to everyone.

As far as I am concerned, there are several advantages that can be given as below. To begin with, teamwork is a collaborative effort by members of a group working together to achieve common goals. Nothing is more beneficial than teamwork to overcome our defects and improve efficiency. What's more, members will have a better performance under stress. Powerful teams quickly cohere in times of unforeseen stress and its members remain calm and focused. In addition, people can make a lot of friends in teamwork. They share happiness and sadness in their team. Then, the members become friends easily.

As the saying goes, \"One man is no man.\" There's no doubt that it's much better for one to involve himself into a team, and only by cooperating with other people can he put his capacities into full play and can he be the winner in the society.