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西安外国语学院
2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目名称：外国语言学综合
（英语语言学433+翻译理论与实践434）
（请考生将所有答案写在答题纸上，并标清题号）
PART ONE
Directions: Select from the lettered choices the one which best completes the
statement. (选择题，每题1分，共20分)
1. By _____ we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and recursiveness. a. arbitrariness
b. duality
c. creativity
d. displacement
2. The most important sociological use of language is the ______ function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. a. performative
b. interpersonal c. phatic
d. metalingual
3. ____ refers to the system of a language, i.e. the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. a. Langue
b. Competence d. Linguistic potential b. Articulatory phonetics d. Suprasegmental phonology c. /ae/
d. /a:/
c. Communicative competence a. Acoustic phonetics c. Segmental phonology a. /i:/ number. a. Affixation a. acronyms
b. Inflection
c. Derivation
d. Conjugation d. cohyponyms
7. Words like brunch, guesstimate are examples of _____.
b. contractions c. blends
8. Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of ______. a. phonology
b. lexicon
c. syntax
d. semantics
9. _____ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence. a. Syntagmatic relations
4. _____ deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced.
5. The vowel ____ is a low back vowel.
b. /u/
6. ____ refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or
b. Hypotactic relations
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c. paradigmatic relations
d. Paratactic relations
10. For structuralists, ______ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. a. coordinate construction c. endocentric construction a. marked
b. subordinate construction d. exocentric construction b. unmarked d. content prominent
11. The sentence “I dislike such people” can be considered to be ___.
c. topic prominent
12. Transformational component is one of the components in all the Chomskian models of language except the ____ model. a. 1965
b. 1972
c. 1979
d. 1995
13. According to C. Ogden and I. Richards, ____ is regarded as the crucial intermediary between ______ and ______. a. symbol … referent … thought c. thought … symbol … referent
14. By componential analysis, BECOME (x, (~ALIVE(x))) is an explanation of ______. a. die
b.dead
c. kill
d. killed
15. ____ is using a sentence to perform a function.
a. A perlocutionary act c. A locutionary act speak truthfully. a. quantity
b. quality
c. relevance
d. manner
17. ____ is a figurative use of language which implies a comparison between two unlike elements. a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Metonymy
d. Synecdoche
18. The ____ is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the language items needed for them. a. structural syllabus c. notional syllabus
b. situational syllabus d. functional syllabus
b. An illocutionary act d. Speech act
b. referent … thought … symbol
16. According to the conversational maxim of ____ suggested by Grice, one should
19. ____ measure how much of a language someone has learned with reference to a particular program of instruction. a. Aptitude tests c. Placement tests language faculty.
b. Achievement tests d. Proficiency tests
20 According to _______ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the human
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a. Saussure’s
b. Bloomfield’s c. Chomsky’s
d. Halliday’s
PART TWO
Directions: Define the following terms. (术语解释，每题6分，共30分)
1. Metalanguage
2. Textual function
3. Schemata
4. Foregrounding
5. CALL
PART THREE
Directions: Answer four of the following questions. (选择4个题回答，每题15分，
共60分)
1. What are suprasegmental features?
2. What is meant by Move a in Universal Grammar?
3. What are the major types of synonyms?
4. What is register as used in Functional Grammar?
5. What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
6. What is meant by the Critical Period Hypothesis?
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PART FOUR
Directions: Comment on any two of the following topics. (选择2个题论述，每题20
分，共40分)
1. Definitions of language.
2. The relationship between language and culture.
3. The role of native language in second language learning.
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PART FIVE
Answer each of the following questions briefly. (60 points)
1. What are the principles of translation proposed by Alexander F. Tytler?
2. What does the unit of translation refer to? How is it relevant to translation practice?
3. How do you understand literal translation and free translation?
4. Use two examples to show the syntactic (structural) differences between Chinese and
English.
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5. “Kill two birds with one stone” is generally translated into “一石二鸟”, “一箭双雕”or
“一举两得”. What is the basic line of thought underlying each translation?
6. What methods are often used to deal with English pronouns in the process of
English-Chinese translation?
7. What are the conditions that may affect the selection of active and passive forms in
Chinese-English translation?
8. Based on the following SL sentence, make critical comments on the Chinese version in
terms of semantic relations.
SL: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good
fortune must be in want of a wife.
TL: 有一个举世公认的道理，即一个有钱的单身汉总想娶位太太。
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PART SIX
Translate each of the following texts into English. Accuracy, clarity and readability will be major considerations in the marking and scoring process. (90 points)
Text A
孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也，熊掌亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生亦我所欲也，义亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也”。
Text B
朔方的雪花在纷飞之后，却永远如粉，如沙，它们决不粘连，撒在屋上，地上，枯草上，就是这样。屋上的雪是早已有消化了的，因为屋里居人的火的温热。别的，在晴天之下，旋风忽来，便蓬勃地奋飞，在日光中灿灿地生光，如包藏火焰的大雾，旋转而且升腾，弥漫太空，使太空旋转而且升腾地闪烁。
Text C
上个世纪70年代末以来，中国经济持续增长，综合国力不断增强，13亿中国人民的生活不断改善。2004年，世界经济实现了近30年来最快的增长，亚太地区经济增长也创造了2000年以来的最高水平，中国经济增长9.4%。2004年，中国的进出口总额比3年前翻了一番，达到了11548亿美元；进口总额5614亿美元，比3年前增长近一倍，其中，同亚太地区成
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员的贸易额为7600亿美元，占中国进出口总额的72.7%。截止2004年底，中国累计实际利用外资额达到7453亿美元，批准外商投资企业50多万个。1990年至2004年，在华投资企业利润汇出额达到2506亿美元。事实表明，中国经济的发展，不仅造福中国人民，也为世界各国提供了更多的投资机会和更广阔的市场，正在成为亚太地区和世界经济增长的重要推动力量。
Text D
中国政府在台湾问题上的立场是一贯的，即坚持“和平统一，一国两制”的基本方针。为此，我们尽了一切努力，显示了最大的诚意，做了许多工作。但是，我们的努力受到了来自台湾当局“台独”势力的挑衅。我们尊重台湾人民的民主要求，但我们反对台湾当局和“台独”势力假借民主之名搞“台独”活动，他台湾从祖国分割出去。我们之所以清楚地表明我们维护祖国统一的决心与意志，就是要维护台海地区的和平与稳定。我们已表示，只要有一线希望，就会尽最大的努力以和平方式实现祖国的统一。
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