2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet(彗星) in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.1986 年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢? 3. Anthropologists (人类学家)have discovered(发现,找到) that fear(害怕,恐惧,敬畏,担心), happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally(普遍地,通用地,宇宙地) reflected(反射的,得自他人的) in facial expressions(n 表达式,表情、公式.)人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。
4.Because of its imitating(模仿,效法,冒充) effect on humans, the use of phenol(石碳酸,苯酚) as a general(一般的,普通的综合的,大体的) antiseptic(防腐剂,抗菌的,非常整洁的) has been largely discontinued(停止,使中止).由于苯酚对人体带有刺激作用,它基本上已经不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5.In group to remain(保持,依然,留下) in existence(存在,实在,生存,生活),a profit-making organization(组织,机构,,团体) must ,in the long run(最终),produce something consumers consider useful or desirable(令人满意的,值得要的).任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。 6.The greater the population there is in a locality(所在,位置,地点),the greater the need there is for water, transportation(运输,运输系统,运输工具),and disposal(处理,支配,清理,安排) of refuse(垃圾,废物;拒绝,不愿,抵制).一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7.It is more difficult to write simply, directly(直接地,立即,马上,正好地),and effectively(有效地,生效地,有力地,实际上)than to employ(使用,采用,雇用,使忙于,使从事于) flowery(花的,华丽的,绚丽的 )but vague(模糊的,含糊的,不明确的,暧昧的) expressions(表达式,表情,公式) that only obscure(模糊的,晦涩的,遮掩,使难理解) one’s meaning .简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。8.With modern(现代的,近代的,时髦的) offices(办事处,办公室) becoming more mechanized(机械化的,
代呆板的),designers(设计师,设计者) are attempting(企图,试图,攻击) to personalize(使个性化) them with warmer,less severe(严峻的,严厉的,剧烈的,苛刻的) interiors(内部,本质;内部的,国内的).随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9,The difference between libel(,诋毁,中伤;进行文字诽谤)and slander(流言,诽谤造谣中伤) is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。
10.The knee(膝盖) is the joints(关节,接缝,接合点,共同的,连接的,联合的) where the thigh(大腿,股) bone meets the large bone of the lower(减弱,减少;下游的,下级的;降低,减弱) leg.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫骨的连接处。
11.Acids(酸,酸类,有酸味的东西) are chemical(化学制品,化学药品;化学的) compounds(化合物,混合物;合成,混合;和解,妥协) that,in water solution(解决方案,溶液,溶解,解答),have a sharp(急剧的,强烈的,敏捷的,刺耳的;尖头,骗子,内行;磨快,把音调升高) taste(味道,品味,审美;尝,体验),a corrosive(腐蚀性的,侵蚀性的;腐蚀物) action on(对···的作
用) metals(金属,合金;金属制的),and the ability to(有···的能力) turn certain blue vegetable(蔬菜,植物,植物人的) dyes(染料,染色;给···染色) red.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12.Billie Holiday’s reputation(名声,名誉,声望) as a great jazz-blues singer rests on(停留在,依靠,被搁在,信赖) her ability to give emotional(情绪的,易激动地,感动人的) depth(深度,深奥) to her songs. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出的歌手的名声是建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13.Essentially(本质上,本来),a theory(理论,原理,学说,推测) is an abstract(摘要,抽象,抽象的概念;抽象的,深奥的),symbolic(象征的,符号的,使用符号的) representation(代表,表现,表示法,陈述) of what is conceived(怀孕,构思,以为,持有;设想,考虑) to be reality(现实,实际,真实).理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language,they communicate(通讯,传达,相通,感染;传达,感染) through facial expressions and by making noises(噪音,响声;谣传).儿童在能说或能听懂语言之
前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。 15.Thanks to modern(现代的,近代的,时髦的;现代人的,有思想的人) imigation(灌溉),crops(产量,农作物,庄稼;种植,收割,修剪;收获) now grow abundantly(旺盛地) in areas where once nothing but cacti(仙人掌) and sagebrush(荞属科植物) could live.受当代灌溉技术设施之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16.The development of mechanical(机械的,力学的,呆板的,无意识的) timepieces(时钟,钟表,计时器) spurred(装有马刺的,有花距的;鞭策,教唆) the search(寻找,搜索) for more accurate(精确的) sundials with to regulate(调节,规定,控制,校准) them.机械计时器的发展促进人们寻求更精确地日晷,以便校准机械计时器。
17.Anthropology(人类学) is a science in that anthropologists(人类学家) use a rigorous(严格的,严厉的,严密的,严酷的) set of (一套)methods and techniques (技术,方法,技巧)to document(用文件证明;文件,公文,文档,证件) observations(观察,观察值,观察结果,观察后发表的言论) that can be checked(检查,核查) by others.人类学是一门科学,因为人类
学家用一套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18.Fungi(真菌,菌类,蘑菇,fungus的复数) are important in the process(处理,加工;过程,进行,方法,步骤,作用,程序;列队前进) of decay(衰退,衰减,腐烂,腐朽),which returns ingredients(材料,作料) to the soil(土地,土壤,国家,粪便,务农,温床;弄脏,污辱),enhances(提高) soil fertility(土壤肥力,地力),and decomposes(分解) animal debris(残屑,残片,残骸).真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。
19.When it is struck(罢工,打,打击;受罢工影响的),a tuning(调谐,调音,起弦,协调一致) fork(叉,餐叉;叉起;分叉,分歧) produces an almost pure(纯的,纯粹的,纯洁大的,清白的,纯理论的) tone(语气,色调,音调,音色;增强),retaining (保留,留住)its pitch(沥青,音高,程度,树脂,倾斜,投掷,球场) over a long period of time.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其
音量经久不衰。
20.Although pecans(胡桃,美洲山核桃) are most plentiful(丰富的,许多的,丰饶的) in the southeastern part of the United States,they are found as far north
(遥远的北方) as Ohio and Illinois.虽然美洲山核桃树最集中于美国的东南部,但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21.Eliminating(排除的;消除) problems by transferring(转移,传递;移动,转移) the blame(责备,归咎于;责任,过失) to others is often called scape-goating(替罪羊,替身).用怪罪别人的方法来解决问题爱通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
22.The chief(首领,酋长,主要部分;首席的,主要的,主任的) foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate(气候,风气,思潮,风土) and soil.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
23.Over a very large number of trials(尝试,努力,审判,考验),the probability of(概率) an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur(发生,出现,存在).在大量的实验中, 某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
24.Most substance(物质,实质,资产,主旨) contract(收缩,感染,订约;合同,婚约) when they freeze(使···冻住,使···结冰;冻结,冷冻,僵硬) so that the density(密度) of a substance’s solid(固体,立方体;固体
的,可靠的,结实的,一致的) is higher than the density of its liquid(液体的,易变的,清澈的;液体,流体).大多数的物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
25.The mechanism(机制,原理,途径,进程) by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
26.By the middle of the twentieth century(二十世纪),painters(画家) and sculptors (雕刻家)in the United States had begun to exert(运用,发挥) a great worldwide(全世界的,在世界范围的) influence over art.到了二十世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大的影响。
27.In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth,a major shipping and manufacturing center(制造中心).伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。
28.Elizabeth Blackwell,the first woman medical(医学的,药的,内科的;医生,体格检查) docter in the United States ,founded(建立,创立) the New York infirmary (医务室,医院,养老院),an institution(制度,建立,习俗) that has always had a completely(完全地,彻
底地,完整地) female medical staff(医务人员).布莱克威尔·伊丽莎白,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性的纽约诊所。
29.Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor(发明家,发明人,创造者) of the telephone.亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明人。 30.Because its leaves remain(保持,依然;留下,剩余,逗留) green long after being(存在,生命,本质,品格;存在的,现有的) picked(挑选,采摘;采摘的,精选的) ,rosemary(迷迭香) became associated with(关联的,联合的;联系) the idea of remembrance(回想,会议;纪念品,记忆力).采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰,因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。
31.That xenon(氙气) could not FORM (构成,组成,排列,组织)chemical compounds(化合物) was once believed by scientists.科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。
32.Although apparently(显然地,似乎,表面上) rigid(严格的,僵硬的,死板的,坚硬的,精确的) ,bones exhibit (展览,展示,提出;证据,展示会)a degree of (···的
程度,···的学位)elasticity(弹性,弹力,灵活性) that enables the skeleton(骨架,骨骼,纲要,骨瘦如柴的人) to withstand(抵抗,禁得起,反抗) considerable impact(影响,效果,碰撞,冲击力).骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定程度的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。 33.Research into the dynamic( of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.对风力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。
34.The elimination(消除) of inflation(膨胀,通货膨胀,夸张,自命不凡) would ensure(保证,确保,使安全) that the amount(······的数量) of money used in repaying(偿还,报答,报复) a loan(贷款,借款;借出) would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。
35.Futurism(未来主义,未来派) ,an early twentieth-century movement(运动,活动,运转,乐章) in art ,rejected(拒绝,驳回;被拒绝的,不合格的) all traditions(传统) and attempted(尝试,企图,试图做某事) to glorify(赞美,美化,崇拜,使更壮丽)
contemporary(当代的) life by emphasizing(强调) the machine and motion(动作,移动,手势,请求,意向).未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮,拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。
36.One of the wildest(狂热的,荒凉的) and most inaccessible(难到达的,难接近的,难见到的) parts of the United States is the Everglades(大沼泽地) where wildlife(野生动植物) is abundant(丰富的,充裕的,盛产) and largely(主要的,大部分,大量的) protected(保护,防卫;受保护的).大沼泽地是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受法律保护。
37.Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant(重大的,有效的,有意义的,) that she has been credited(相信,记入贷方) by some authorities(当局,官方) as the originator(发起者,起源,起因) of feminism(女权主义,女权运动,男女平等) in the United States.卢克丽霞·莫特的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动创始人。
38.The activities(行为活动) of the international (国际的,两国以上国家的,超越国界的;国际组织)marketing (行销,销售;出售,使···上市)researcher(研究员)
are frequently(频繁的,经常地,时常,屡次) much broader (广大的,一片的比较级)than those of the domestic (国内的,家庭的,驯养的,一心只管家务的)marketer(市场营销人员).国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。
39.The continental() divide(分水岭,分水线;划分,除,分开,使产生分歧) refers to(引用) an imaginary(假想的,虚数的,虚构的) line in the North American Rockies(落基山脉) that divides the waters flowing (流入)into the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋) from those flowing into the pacific(太平洋,太平洋战争).分水岭是指北美洛杉矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域分开来。
40.Studies of the gravity filed of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.对地球引力的研究表明,在不同寻常的负荷下地壳和地幔会发生位移。
41.The annual(年度的,每年的;年刊,一年生植物) worth of Utah’s manufacturing(制造业,工业,;制造,生产) is greater than that of its mining(矿业,采矿) and farming combined(使···结合,联合;结合的,组合的).犹他州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。
42.The wallflower(壁花) is so called because its weak(疲软的,虚弱的,无力的,脆弱的) stems(茎,,树管,阻挡物;起源于,除去···的茎,止住) often grow on walls and along stony(无情的,多石的,石头的) cliffs(悬崖,峭壁,陡岸) for support(支持,维持,支援,供养,支持者,支撑物).强花之所以叫强花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常靠墙壁或是顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。
43.It is the interaction(互动) between people ,rather than the events(事件,项目) that occur(发生,出现,存在) in their lives(他们的生命) ,that is the main focus of social psychology(社会心理学).社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。
44.No social crusade(改革运动,十字军东侵) aroused(唤醒) Elizabeth William’s enthusiasm(热情,热心,热忱) more than the expansion(膨胀,阐述,扩张物) of educational facilities(设施,工具,设备) for immigrants(移民) to the United States.给美国的新移民增加教育基础设施比任何社会运动都更加的激发了伊丽莎白·威廉的热情。
45.Quails(鹌鹑) typically(代表性地,作为特色地) have short rounded(短而圆的) wings(翅膀,飞行章) that
enable them to spring(生长,涌出,跃出) into full flight instantly(一···就,立即地,马上地,即刻地) when disturbed in (在某方面打扰)their hiding places.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以再受惊时一跃而起,飞离他们的躲藏地。
46.According to anthropologists(人类学家) ,the earliest ancestors(祖先,上代,先祖) of humans that stood upright resembled(像,类似) chimpanzees (黑猩猩)facially(从脸部) ,with sloping(倾斜的,有坡度的,成坡度的) foreheads(额,前额) and protruding(突出,伸出;突出的) brows(眉毛).根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。
47.Not until 1866 was the fully(充分地,完全地,彻底地) successful transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的,横渡大西洋的,美国的) cable(缆绳) finally(最后,终于,决定性的) laid(放,铺设,安排;松弛的,从容不迫的).直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。 48.In his writing ,John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness(不孕症,不育症,荒芜) of society brought about(引起,使掉头) by science and technology. 蓝塞姆在他的著作中描述了他认
为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。
49.Children with parents whose guidance(指导,引导,领导) is firm(公司,商号;坚定的,牢固的,严格的,结实的) ,consistent(始终如一的,,一致的,坚持的) ,and rational(有理数;合理的,理性的) are inclined to(倾向于···;有意) possess(控制,使掌握,持有,迷住,拥有,具备) high levels(高层,高电平) of self-confidence(自信).父母的教导如果坚定,始终如一和理性,孩子就有可能充满自信。
50.The ancient(古代的,古老的,过时的,年老的) Hopewell people of North America probably(大概,或许,很可能) cultivated(耕种的,有教养的) corn(玉米,谷物) and other crops(农作物,收成), but hunting and gathering(狩猎及采集) were still of critical(鉴定的,临界的) importance in their economy.北美远古的霍普韦尔人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物,但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。
51.Using many symbols(符号,标志,符号表) makes it possible to put a large amount of information(信息,资料,知识) on a single map.使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放入大量的信息。
52.Anarchism(无主义) is a term describing a
cluster(群,簇) of doctrines(主义,教条,学说) and attitudes whose principal(主要的,资本的) uniting(合并;使团结,使联合) feature(特色,特点,特征;起重要作用) is the belief (相信,信赖,信仰) that government is both harmful and unnecessary.无主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度,它们的主要共同点在于相信是有害的,没有必要的。
53.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer(先锋,拓荒者;开辟) in automobile(汽车) production.恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利·福特。
.The use of well-chosen nonsense(荒谬的,胡说,废话) words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses(假定,臆测) in the field of language learning.使用精心挑选的无意义词汇,可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。
55.The history of painting(绘画,油画,着色) is a fascinating(迷人的,吸引人的,使人神魂颠倒的) chain(链,束缚,枷锁) of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever(永远,曾经,究竟) made.优化历史是一连串的迷人事件的组成,其源头大概可以上溯
到最早的图画。
56.Perfectly(完满地,完全地,无瑕疵地) matched pearls(珍珠) ,strung(捆扎,系上) into a necklace (项链),bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually(个别地,单独地).相互般配的珍珠,串成一条项链,就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。
57.During the eighteenth century .Little Turtle(龟,甲鱼,海龟) was chief(首席的, 主要的,主任的;主要地,首要地;首领,酋长,主要部分) of the Miami tribe(部落,族,宗族,一伙) whose territory(领土,领域,范围,地域,版图) became what is now Indiana and Ohio.十八世纪时,“小乌龟”是迈阿密部落的酋长,该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安纳州和俄亥俄州。
58.Among almost seven hundred species(物种,种类;物种上的) of bamboo(竹,竹子;竹制的,土著居民的) ,some are fully grown at less than a foot high ,while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.在竹子的近七百个品种中,有的全长成还不到一英尺,有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。
59.Before staring(凝视,盯着看,显眼) on a sea voyage(航行,航程,旅行记;飞过,渡过;航行,航海) ,prudent(谨慎的,精明的,节俭的) navigators(航海家,导航
器) learn the sea charts(海图) ,study the sailing(航行的,航行,航海,起航) directions(方向,指示,用法说明) ,and memorize(记住,背熟,记忆) lighthouse(灯塔) locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter(遭遇,偶然相遇).谨慎的航海员在出航前,会研究航向,记录灯塔的位置,以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。
60.Of all the economically important plants(植物,工厂,栽种,安置) ,palms have been the least studied.在所有的经济作物中,棕榈树得到的研究最少。
61.Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities(营销活动).购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展,原因很简单,因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。
62.The application of electronic controls(电子控制) made possible by the microprocessor(微处理器) and computer storage(存储,仓库,储藏所) have multiplied(乘;增加) the uses of the modern typewriter(打字机).电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。
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