Research and Practice on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Univers

Research and Practice on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities based on Professional

Perspective

Chen Ge

(Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin, 300410, China )

Abstract. In order to promote the technical innovation ability of universities and level of entrepreneurship and employment of graduates, we need to study the method of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities. By summarizing the results of the Tianjin Vocational Institute gem professional study and practice of innovation and enterprises education: instilling ideas, accumulating experience, extracurricular practical work, the fusion of production and education, etc. such as these teaching methods, which with the strong interoperability, are contribute to solve the problem of student employment. In the meanwhile to improve the employment rate, it should still in focus on promote the technical innovation ability and the level of entrepreneurship for Tianjin Vocational Institute gems professional teaching.

Keywords: Colleges and Universities, professional education, innovation, entrepreneurship, practical employment

Introduction

The Ministry of education explicitly proposed in the 2010.3th document on vigorously promoting the innovation and Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Institutions that adding the innovation and entrepreneurship education into the daily professional education teaching activities. Many colleges and universities begin the topic of innovation and entrepreneurship research and practice. We analyzed statistics on the employment situation of graduates of Tianjin Vocational Institute in the past 5 years and the change of employment after one year, and we found a very obvious phenomenon: graduates whose major is Gemology, more than 90% graduates worked in medium and small sized GEM companies, but these graduates job-hopped to other companies soon. People after graduation for one year, the proportion was as high as 15%. In order to let the graduates in career choice take less detours, Tianjin Vocational Institute teaches students with entrepreneurial experience, extracurricular practical activities, and knowledge.

Take major of Gemology in Tianjin Vocational Institute, for example, we summed up some entrepreneurial experiences, and we took these experiences as paradigm of Education.

1. The idea of innovation and entrepreneurship is the seed of

innovation and Entrepreneurship Education

Colleges and universities have function of talent training, scientifi c research, social services and cultural heritage, et.al. and the main function is to cultivate talents. The elite of the society must have the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship, and our country needs talents to start a business. We need the executor of education, that is teacher. In daily teaching, teachers need to strengthen the education of innovation and entrepreneurship, and cultivate students’ sense of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Major of Gemology in universities teach students with ideas of pioneering: work is a way of employment, entrepreneurship is also a way of employment too. The idea of innovation and entrepreneurship is the seed of innovation and entrepreneurship education, teachers teach students with their entrepreneurial experiences and ideas in universities. A lot of students in

universities and colleges sale gems during their spare time though QQ, Wechat, or phones. Graduate He Xiaolong opened a physical gem shop in 2015 in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Xie Shizhong who graduated in 2013 engaged in gem sales, and he opened his own gem shop after one year. He also received a graduate to work in his shop.

2. Teachers’ innovative and entrepreneurial experience is the foundation of innovation and Entrepreneurship EducationScientifi c innovation and entrepreneurship education requires teachers with innovative and entrepreneurial ability. If teachers do not have the experience of innovation and entrepreneurship, it is impossible to guide students to start a business, cannot convince students either. Therefore, teachers’ innovation and entrepreneurial experience is the foundation of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

At present, our country has made it clear that the cultivation of students’ entrepreneurial ability is important and add it to the development strategy of colleges and universities. Teachers as the executor of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, they play an exemplary role in behavior. Gem innovation and entrepreneurship projects, not only relate to the gem professional and technical knowledge, but also relate to the knowledge of finance, management, and marketing. These knowledge outside teachers’ profession, is a great challenge for them. Therefore, teachers of Gemology should actively expand their knowledge. Colleges and universities should provide good conditions for the guidance of teachers’ learning, and encourage teachers to practice in gem industries, such as participating in the real gem design, gem sales, et.al. They can obtain knowledge in practice.

In the teaching process teacher should run through the guiding ideology of innovation and entrepreneurship to students. We require all teachers to actively participate in the professional teaching of each student innovation and entrepreneurship program competition. The development of these activities will help to accumulate knowledge of professional teachers.

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3. The model of students’ innovation and entrepreneurship is a fresh case of innovation and Entrepreneurship EducationParadigm of student entrepreneurship can encourage students to establish innovation and entrepreneurial confidence. Major of Gemology in Tianjin Vocational Institute often invites some innovative and entrepreneurial graduates to return to school, and introduce their innovative and entrepreneurial experience to students.

December 2013, when Tianjin Vocational Institute Alumni Association was founded, invited student Zhu Shuangye who graduated in 2004 to share his entrepreneurial experiences. 183 students of Gemology showed up the “step by step, achievement of mainstay” innovation and entrepreneurship sharing interactive activities. A fine example has boundless power. Zhu Shuangye students’ innovation and entrepreneurial successfully inspired the students, they actively participate in a variety of entrepreneurial activities. Many students even in the school used WeChat, Taobao, telephone and other tools to experience the gem sales, and accumulate innovative and entrepreneurial experiences.4. Extracurricular practice is an effective way of innovation

and Entrepreneurship Education

Innovation and entrepreneurship education cannot stay on paper alone, we must through the concrete practice activities in order to enhance the ability. Due to the limited time of school classroom teaching, the school can only provide limited practice sites and subsidies. Students have to take part in practice. Practice has proved that extracurricular practice is an effective way of innovation and Entrepreneurship Education.

4.1 Establish student innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration shop

According to the survey of 2010-2015 session of the graduates and employment units, we found that 90% of the students worked in small and medium companies, 15% of graduates choose to leave the company in one year, and embarked on the road of self opening of innovation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, strengthening students’ knowledge and skills of gem sales, and gem materials, design, processing, can enhance the effect of gem professional sales in innovation and entrepreneurship activities.

Gem professional teaching team believes that, if we establish student innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration shop, put students into practices, in this way can we strengthen students’ innovative thinking. The students of Gemology apply to the school innovation management department, hope the school to provide venues. The school provide startup funds and hardware conditions, establish gem innovation model shop at school. Teachers lead students to decoration this shop, students as managers and business personnel, responsible for the daily management. Innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration stores have been established under the school’s support.

The establishment of the model shop, not only provides the conditions for the course teaching practice, but also provide free

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4.2 Actively participate in various activities organized by the cooperative enterprise

4.2.1 Take part in Part-time sales activities

Tianjin, a municipality and the economic center of the north, each year will hold a various gem exhibition, wedding Expo and other industry sales activities. We actively contact with Kelan diamond, MAKELUMER, and other exhibitors. We selected students as part-time worker to participate in the activities sponsored by exhibitors, lets the student experience the fun of the sales of precious stones, to learn sales skills, and use skills in practice.

4.2.2 Participate in business activities

Schools will regularly arrange for students to go to the national gold and silver jewelry quality supervision and Inspection Center, Northern Tianjin gold jewelry Garden, Tianjin International Jewelry City, et.al. Allow students to visit the sales unit, to expand their horizons, to understand the industry detection, production, sales channels. In short, in order to reduce the cost of students’ practice, we have investigated the situation of consumer demand in Tianjin. The implementation of these extracurricular activities provides reference and guidance for the employment of graduates and the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship.5. Integration of production and education is the basic guarantee of innovation and Entrepreneurship EducationIn order to make innovation and entrepreneurship education integrated into daily professional education, we should provide more opportunities for social practice for students and education space. Knowledge cannot be limited in the school, the classroom and in the books, but walk out of school, go out of the classroom, join in the society to realize the theory and practice. Therefore, the integration of production and education has become the basic guarantee of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

In order to improve the students’ employment, innovation and entrepreneurship, according to the teaching plan of Gemology, every students in the fifth semester after 9 weeks, the sixth semester should be arranged to GEM companies internships, familiar with the corporate culture and learn the skills required for the enterprise. We maintain a close relationship with Chow Tai Fook, Luk Fook, Irons Te, Jin Qilin, and other jewel companies. Actively select students to participate in the internship activities in these enterprises. After the end of the internship, most of the students in these companies have successfully achieved initial employment, and a number of students successfully start a business after graduation.

5.1 Invite enterprises to participate in talent training

Tianjin Vocational Institute contact with Tianjin local GEM companies. For aspects of jewelry design, production, sales, we carry out close cooperation with Tianjin gold unicorn Jewelry Co., Ltd. For aspects of gem, diamond, jewelry identification and detection technology development, we work closely with the national gold and silver jewelry quality supervision and inspection

International Journal of Technology Management

center.

5.2 Establish the running mechanism of school enterprise cooperation

In terms of school enterprise cooperation to build a training base, Tianjin Vocational University professional gem and Tianjin Hansheng Huading Culture Development Co., Ltd., and fable jewelry company have close cooperation. For internship arrangements, order class training (including training mode, scale, jobs set, salary promotion path, career path), gemology cooperate with Tak Shing, Chow Tai Fook, Adel, Baitai, etc. and other jewelry companies. Gemology and Tianjin Jin Ying professional workshop, national jewelry quality supervision and inspection center have close cooperation.

5.3 Establishing the cooperation mechanism between schools and enterprises

In order to satisfy the needs of the talent of the different stages of enterprise, enterprise for technology innovation and service ability, enhance the enterprise staff quality and skills, Tianjin Vocational Institute have close cooperation with Kelan diamond, MAKELUMER diamond, diamond, odd Baozhai, constant code jewellery, Tianjin North Gold Jewelry Industrial Park, Tianjin International Jewelry City, Tianjin, Shenyang Road and Hami road jewelry wholesale market, et.al.

5.4 Realize Resources Sharing

Tianjin Vocational Institute, Jewelry innovation and creative design center, Jewelry appraisal service center provide service for students of Gemology in college, they also provide product design and processing, free jewelry identifi cation and other services. The ultimate goal of the gem professional training room is to become qualification test space of jewelry designer, diamond grading division, gem inspection, jewelry salesperson. The training room not only implement the daily teaching, but also carry out the work of the above types of training and certifi cation task.6 Conclusion

The major of Gemology in Tianjin Vocational Institute uses the teaching methods of idea infusion, teacher experience accumulation, students’ entrepreneurial experience introduction, extracurricular practice, production and education integration. These methods have strong operability, and help to solve the

difficulties in employment of students and other problems. The research shows that, adding innovation and entrepreneurship education into the professional education in colleges and universities has a positive effect in order to promote technological innovation and graduates’ entrepreneurial ability. At the same time to improve the employment rate of graduates, we should further improve the ability and level of technological innovation of graduates, and this is a diffi cult teaching issue in the future for the major of Gemology in Tianjin Vocational Institute.

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