Module 5 Unit 2 The environment
第一讲 V-ing形式的基本概念理解
一、be +V-ing形式表示的含义 1. 用括号动词的适当形式填空。
(1) Please turn the TV down. The baby ______________(sleep) in the next room . (2) —Where is your father? —He ________________(cook) in the kitchen. (3) Don’t go out, Peter. It____________________(rain) heavily. 2. 用括号动词的适当形式填空
(1)—Mr. Brown likes children very much, doesn’t he ?
—Yes, that’s true. He _______________(write) a children’s book these days . (2)—Where are you these days, Mary?
— Oh , I________________ (learn )English under Mr. Smith. 总结： be+V-ing所表示的含义：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、V-ing在句子中单独使用。 1. 用括号动词的适当形式填空
(1) Quiet please! The boy ________________ (make) a speech in English. And this boy ________________ (make) the English speech is from a village school.
(2) It’s very hot ! I see many people ____________ (swim) in the river . Some children ________(play) water games.
(3) After class, there are many boy students ______________(play) basketball on the playground. Some girl students like to stay in the classroom_____________ (listen) to music. 思考：v-ing 什么时候在句中可以单独使用？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、 巩固练习
1. 用括号中的动词适当形式完整句子．
(1) We often hear him ______________ (sing) in his room.
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(2) We often hear he ______________ (sing) in his room. (3) I saw a man _______________(climb) up a tree by the river.
(4) They all sat quietly in the classroom, ______________ (listen) to the lecture. 2. 句型转换
(1) The boy standing under the tree is a classmate of mine.
→The boy_______ ______ ________ under the tree is a classmate of mine. (2) Do you know the girl driving the red car ?
→ Do you know the girl ______ ______ _____the red car ? (3) As she was badly ill, she was sent to hospital. →______________ badly ill, she was sent to hospital. (4) When he arrived at the station, he found the train had left. →______________ at the station, he found the train had left. (5) If you work hard, you will pass the exam. →______________ hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 把下列句子翻译成英语,（注意V-ing形式的使用） (1) 操场上有许多女孩子在踢足球。
_________________________________________________________________________________ (2) 有人看见这男孩在河边玩。
_________________________________________________________________________________ (3) 听到这个消息,他们高兴地跳起来了.
_________________________________________________________________________________ (4) 她坐在桌子旁边看报纸。
_________________________________________________________________________________
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第二讲 V-ing形式的基本功能
一、 V-ing的理解
朗读下列句子，体会V-ing在句子中间的作用。 1. Teaching is my full-time job.
2. I have just finished doing my homework. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
4. The students ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 5. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 6. There were many people waiting for a bus. 7. I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 8. The situation is encouraging.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、 V-ing形式的基本功能
V-ing形式不能单独作谓语，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用。可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 1. 在句子中充当主语．
(1) 根据中文提示，写出括号中单词的适当形式。
①______________(冲浪)is one of the most popular water sports in Hawaii. ② ______________(抄袭)others’ homework is so bad that it makes the students lazy. ③ ______________ (游泳) is the best exercise in summer. (2) 习语翻译
①Seeing is believing. _______________________________________
②It is no use crying over the spilt milk. _______________________________________ 常见的用it作形式主语的句型你知道吗？
_________________________________________________________________________________ (3) 句型总结
It is no use /good /fun /a waste of time +doing
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把下列句子翻译成英语
①抱怨是没用的．__________________________________________________________ ②找她谈是白费时间。___________________________________________________________ ③打高尔夫球很有意思。___________________________________________________________ (4) 经典句型背诵
There is no denying (the fact) that …
◆There is no denying that computer games have bad effects on children’s health.
◆There is no denying that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness. 请你根据具体的情况造句． There is no denying that …
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ２.在句子中充当宾语．
(1) 常见的接v-ing作宾语的动词：
① Would you mind ______________ (open) the window?
② More and more people enjoy _____________(living) in the countryside. ③ Mary is considering _________________(change) her job. ◆常见的接-ing作宾语的动词：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) 把下列句子翻译成英语。 ① 他建议周末去野炊．
__________________________________________________________________________________② 放学后，他喜欢玩电脑游戏。
__________________________________________________________________________________③ 开着车一直向前，看见电影院就向左拐。
_________________________________________________________________________________3.
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3. 在句子中充当作宾语补足语． （1）用在感官动词后作宾补
◇ 朗读下列句子，体会v-ing在句子中间的含义。
①Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window． ②On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising from the village． ◇ 常接v-ing作宾补的感官动词有：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ◇请你用上面的动词结构造句。 ①我看见很多学生放学后在网吧玩游戏.
________________________________________________________________________________ ②我每天晚上都听见他朗读英语.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ③我注意到小偷正向火车站逃走.
_____________________________________________________________________________ (2) 在表示“使、让”意义的动词后作宾补。 ◇朗读并翻译下列句子。
① I am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. ② Don’t leave the water running while brush your teeth . ③ It was so cold that they kept the fire burning all night.
④ I didn't finish my homework, so my teacher had me standing for a whole class. ◇ 常接v-ing作宾补的感官动词有：
_____________________________________________________________________________ ◇ 比较以下句子,体会send的两个结构．
① Mr. Li sent me to get some water. _______________________________________ ② The policeman sent the thief running in a hurry._____________________________ ◇ 用括号中动词的适当形式填空．
① A long-distance call sent Mr. Brown ___________ (hurry) to see his dying mother. ② A heavy rain sent the passengers _____________(go) in different directions .
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③ The lecture started us ________________(think) about the problem of pollution . (3) 在动词catch , find ,discover后接v-ing形式作宾补 ◇ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
He looked around and caught a man____________ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger． ◇ 把下列句子翻译成英语 ①老师撞见这个男孩在抽烟。
__________________________________________________________________________. ②老师发现他在上课时睡觉。
__________________________________________________________________________. ③我发现他在上课时看小说。
__________________________________________________________________________. ④警察碰见两个人在街上打架
__________________________________________________________________________. (4) 在with的复合结构中 ◇ 把下列句子翻译成汉语。
①With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding her house ②The little girl likes to sleep with the light burning all night . ◇模仿上面结构造句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. V-ing 充当作定语．
(1) 表进行的动作或一个习惯性、连续性的动作或状态． ① Quiet please! Don’t wake up the sleeping child. ② He rushed into the burning house．
③ Do you see the homeless man sleeping under the bridge? ④Do you know the way leading to the cinema ? 你能用其他句式来改写以上句子吗？
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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(2) 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途。
① Many children go to the swimming pool to play water sports in summer holidays. ② I am going to meet you in the waiting room of the train station . ③ After work, he likes sitting in the reading room. (3) 说明被修饰名词的性质和特点。 ① He jumped with joy at the pleasing news. ②I was surprised at his exciting speech. 5. V-ing 充当作状语．
(1) 朗读下列句子，体会V-ing的作用。 ① Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. ② Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep. ③ He sat in the sofa, listening to music.
④The factory made a lot of waste, making the river very dirty. ⑤ Working hard, you can achieve your goal. (2) 表示伴随
大声朗读下列句子, 体会v-ing的作用．
① The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking. ② They stood there for an hour watching the game. ③ She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. ④ Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. (3)表示时间
◇大声朗读下列句子, 体会v-ing的作用．
①Walking along the street one day, she met an old friend. ②While crossing the street, you must be careful. 你能用其他句式来改写以上句子吗？
___________________________________________________________________________ (4)表示原因
◇大声朗读下列句子, 体会v-ing的作用． Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
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Playing computer games deep in the nights, he falls asleep in class. ◇你能用其他句式来改写以上句子吗？
_______________________________________________________________________________ （5）表示结果
大声朗读下列句子, 体会v-ing的作用． ① Jane fell off the bike, cutting her leg.
② It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. (6)表示条件
◇大声朗读下列句子, 体会v-ing的作用．
①Standing on the building, you can see the whole city. ② Working hard, you can achieve your goal.
____________________________________________________________ ◇请用其他句式来改写以下句子。 ①Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
____________________________________________________________________________ ② Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
____________________________________________________________________________ ③ He sat in the sofa, listening to music.
______________________________________________________________________________ ④The factory made a lot of waste, making the river very dirty .
___________________________________________________________________________ (7) V-ing 充当作表语． (1) The news was very surprising.
(2) His examination results are disappointing.
一般来说，表示心理状态的动词有:_________________________________________ 8. V-ing 的固定结构。
generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断 taking all things into consideration 全面看来
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第三讲 V－ing的复杂结构理解
本节课主要内容：
V－ing的时态与语态；主动形式表被动的情况；否定形式和逻辑语主语。 一、V-ing形式的时态与语态
1. V-ing的变化形式与谓语动词时态理解一 （1）用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
① Please turn the TV down . John ______________(read) in the next room . ② John sat at the desk, _____________(read) a newspaper. (2) 翻译下列句子。 ① 她坐在那里看小说。
———————————————————————————————————————— ② 正在那打篮球的女孩英语说得很好．
———————————————————————————————————————— 2. V-ing的变化形式与谓语动词时态理解二 （1）用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
① Little Tom decides to play outside because he____________ (finish) his homework. ②______________ (finish) his homework, little Tom went to play outside. (2) 翻译下列句子。
①做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
———————————————————————————————————————— ②因为在北京住了多年，他主动当我们的向导．
———————————————————————————————————————— 3. V-ing的变化形式与谓语动词语态理解 （1）用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
① Look ! The building which __________ (built) is our new library. ② Look ! The building _______________ (built) is our new library. ③ The question ______________(discuss) is of great importance.
④ The bridge which______________( build) now will be completed in three months. ⑤ This is one of the experiments _____________ (carry) on in our laboratory. （2）用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
① Although he _____________(tell) many times , he still did not know how to use it. ② _______________(tell) many times , he still did not know how to use it ③ __________________(give) such a good chance, he planned to work hard.
④ _____________________(praise) a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.
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⑤ ___________________(discuss) many times, the problem was settled at last. 4. V-ing形式的时态与语态总结
类 别 形式 一般式 完成式 5．巩固练习
(1) 从A，B，C，D四个答案中，选择正确的答案。 ① I am sorry for _________ you so much trouble.
A. giving B. given C. having given D. to given ② The thief drove as fast as he could to escape ___________by the police.
A. having been caught B. having caught C. being caught D. catching ③ He attended the party without ____________.
A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited ④ Betty was happy for ___________ the first chance to go abroad.
A. to be given B. having given C. giving D. having been given (2) 用动词的适当形式完整下列句子。
① ____________(hear) the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. ② _____________(punish) by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
③ __________ (notice) by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say. ④ ________________(arrive) at a decision, they set to work immediately . ⑤ _____________(see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood. ⑥ He didn’t mind __________(leave) alone at home.
⑦___________(work) on the farm for many years, he knew the peasants very well. ⑧ He never talked about his _____________by the reporter. 二、既可带ing 又可接to do 的结构 1. 既可带ing 又可接to do 的结构但有区别
(1) Do you remember ______________(see) me before? (2) Remember ______________ (lock) the door when you leave. (3) He stopped ______________ (talk) when the bell rang. (4) After a short rest, they went on ______________ (work).
(5) The light in the office is still on. He forgot ______________ (turn) it off. (6) You must try _______________(be) more careful.
及物动词 主动 被动 不及物动词 主动 10
(7) In some parts of London, missing a bus means______________ (wait) for another hour. (8) I still remember ___________(take) to my home town when I was young. (9) When the baby saw her mother, she stopped ______________ (cry) at once. (10)I mean______________ (go) , but my father would not allow me to. 2.既可带ing 又可接to do 的结构但区别不大
在 begin, start, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, cease, 等动词后，两种结构意义区别不大。 (1) I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. (2) I prefer walking to school every day. (3) I prefer to stay at home today. (4) I’d like to go with you to the cinema.
◆表示一般性动作，多用-ing分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作，多用不定式。 三、Ｖ-ing 放在介词后作宾语 1．用括号中的动词的适当形式填空．
(1) What about ______________（go）out for a walk?
(2) She really felt like ______________ (take) a walk in such a fine day. (3) My mother always stopped me ______________ (watch)TV in the evening. (4) He left without ______________ (leave) any message.
(5)The boy spent two days ______________ (finish) the model plane .
(6) At that time, he had much difficulty ______________ (find) the way to the hospital.
常用的短语有：have some difficulty in；succeed in； have a good time ； congratulate.. on ； have great fun in； insist on； prevent (keep, stop) ..from ； persist in ；set about；feel like； give up；what about ； how about 2．用括号中的动词的适当形式填空．
(1) I’m looking forward to _______________(hear) from you soon.
(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all his time to______________ (set up) some schools for poor children.
(3) The meeting they are looking forward to______________ (hold) at last.
look forward to（期待） be used to （习惯于） contribute to（贡献） get down to（着手做） turn to （求助于 stick to（忠于、坚持） see to （处理） devote oneself to （献身于） be equal to （等于） admit to（承认）, be familiar to （为…熟悉） give way to（让位于） keep to （遵守） lead to （导致） 四、V－ing的主动形式表被动 1．用括号中的动词的适当形式填空．
（1）Your shoes need ______________ (clean).
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（2）This book is well worth______________ (read).
◇在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的V-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。deserve作\"应得\"解，其后接V-ing形式应用主动式。 （2）把下列句子翻译成英语。 ① 这些花需要浇水。
_______________________________________________________________________________ ②这个问题需要特别注意。
_______________________________________________________________________________ ③ 他们应该为他们所做的一切得到惩罚.
_______________________________________________________________________________ 五、V－ing的否定形式
1.朗读下列句子，体会V－ing的否定形式。
（1）Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. （2）I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. （3）There is no denying the fact that he is diligent. （4）Not knowing his address, I can’t send books to him. （5）Not having received a replay, he decided to write again. 2. 把下列句子翻译成英语。 (1) 他悔恨自己没有用功。
_______________________________________________________________________________ (2) 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。
_______________________________________________________________________________ (3) 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 六、V-ing的逻辑主语通常用物主代词、人称代词
V-ing的逻辑主语通常用物主代词、人称代词的宾格形式、名词所有格，名词的普通格。在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格。如： （1）___________ coming made us very happy. (他) （2）He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. (3) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.
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