句子的种类及句型转换

句子的种类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。 一、 陈述句

陈述句用来说明一个事实或表明说话人的看法，态度等。句末用句号“.”,有肯定和否定两种形式，一般语序为“主语+谓语+其他成分” E.g. (例如)：My name is Gina. 我的名字叫吉娜。（肯定） That is very great. 那非常好。 （肯定） She doesn’t know. 她不知道。（否定） 二、 疑问句

疑问句是用来提出问题，让对方回答的句子。疑问句的句末用问号“?”。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句等几种。 I.

一般疑问句：一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。

E.g. (例如)： 肯定回答 否定回答

Are you Jim? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. ( I am=I’m ) Can you bring some things to school? Yes, I can. / No, I can not. (can not=can’t) Do you have a soccer ball? Yes, I do. / No, I do not. (do not=don’t) II.

特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开始的疑问句，就句子的某一部分进行提问的句子。句子的句末用问号“?”，根据实际情况来回答。

E.g. (例如)：

What’s her/his name? Her/His name is … What’s this in English? It’s a pen. What color is the hat? It’s red.

Where is your baseball? It’s in the backpack. 三、 祈使句：用来表示请求、命令。

E.g. (例如)： Spell it, please. Please come in. Let’s go. ( Let us go.)

四、 感叹句：用来表达强烈的感情。

E.g. (例如)：What a fine day! 多么美好的一天啊！

改为一般疑问句、改为否定句、改为单数句、改为复数句和就划线部分提问的方法。 一、 改为一般疑问句的方法

1. 先找be动词（am, is, are），或can（情态动词）, 放在句子的最前面，其余照抄。 2. 如果没有，则判断主语是否为第三人称单数（如：he/she/it/Mike/your mother…），是则把动词改为原形，句前加Does，其余照抄。若不是，则把动词改为原形，句前加Do，其余照抄。 套用句型 ：(Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他成分)。

肯定回答：Yes+主语+提问的助动词

否定回答：No+主语+提问的助动词+not

注意：将陈述句变为一般疑问句时，如果陈述句主语为第一人称，疑问句中应将其改为第二人称。

E.g. (例如)： 肯定回答 否定回答 I’m a student. →Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. She is Anna. → Is she Anna? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. I can play basketball? → Can you play basketball? Yes, I can. No, I can’t. Alan likes apples. → Does Alan like apples? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. They have many friends. →Do they have many friends? Yes, they do. No, they don’t. 二、 改为否定句

1. 先找be动词（am, is, are），或can.再在其后加 not，其余照抄。

2. 如果没有，则判断主语是否为第三人称单数（如：he/she/it/Mike/your mother…），是则把动词改为原形，主语后加 doesn’t，其余照抄。如果还不是，则主语后加don’t，其余照抄。套用句型：（主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+其他成分）。

E.g. (例如)：

These are books. → These are not(aren’t) books.

He can play the guitar. → He can not(can’t) play the guitar.

Ed Smith has a nice jacket. →Ed Smith does not(doesn’t) have a nice jacket. I have a sister. →I do not(don’t) have a sister.

三、改为单数句：句子中的每个部分只要能改成单数的都要改。记得加上a/an. E.g. (例如)：

These are his brothers. → This is his brother.

The pencils are in the bag. → The pencil is in the bag. Those are oranges. → That is an orange.

四、改为复数句：句子中的每个部分都要改成复数。注意不规则名词的复数。 E.g. (例如)：

It’s a pen. →They are pens. He is a boy. →They are boys. I have a watch. →We have watches.

五、就划线部分提问（根据答句写问句的方法）：实质上是把一个陈述句变成一个特殊疑问的过程。

第一步，找出适当的疑问词（what, where, when, why, who, whose, how等）来提问。 东西，动物，电话号码：W hat 颜色：What color 地点：Where 人：Who 时间：When/ What time 原因：Why 年龄：How old 数量：How many 形容词，什么方法：How 价格，价钱：How much

第二步，将剩余的改为一般疑问句（如果剩余的部分为动词或动词短语，则用do/does代替，句前加W hat，再改为一般疑问句。） 例如：I like orange. → What do you like?

Mike likes playing sports. →What does Mike like?

My mother has a beautiful ring. →What does your mother have?

巩固练习

1. Her name is Jenny. (对划线部分提问) _____ _____ his name? 2. My father is fine. (对划线部分提问) _____ ? 3. They are my friends. (改为单数句) She _____ _____ _____ . 4. These are English books. (改为单数句) _____ . 5. It’s a pencil. (改为复数句) _____ . 6. There is an apple on the table. (改为复数句) There _____ _____ _____ the table.

7. I have a set of keys. (改为否定句) _____ . 8. Jim likes bananas very much. (改为否定句) _____ . 9. They can play baseball. (改为否定句) _____ . 10. This is her Math teacher. (改为否定句) _____ . 11. Those are his pens. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) ---_____ _____ his pens? ---_____ , _____ . 12. I can sing. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答) --_____ _____ sing? ---_____ , _____ . （肯定回答） ---_____ , _____ . （否定回答）

13. My brother has a sports collection. (改为一般疑问句) _____ 14. His telephone number is 936-5298. (对划线部分提问) _____ _____ _____ telephone number? 15. The jacket is black. (对划线部分提问) _____ 16. Is he Jack? (改为陈述句) _____ 17. On the apple tree are some apples. (改为同义句) Some apples _____ _____ _____ _____ . 18. Your computer game is on the bed. (对划线部分提问) _____ _____ _____ computer game? 19. The window is in the wall. (对划线部分提问) _____ ? 20. I am in classroom now. (对划线部分提问) _____ _____ _____ now?