第1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题1 分，共15 分） 下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的 选项。
1. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse. A. afraid B. anxious C. sure D. sad
2. She always finds fault with everything, A. simplifies B. criticizes C. evaluates D. examines
3.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A. give B. attach C. lose
D. understand
4.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. A. instructing B. pushing C. notifying D. inviting
5. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours. A. stand B. spend C. take D. last
6. The sea turtle’s natural habit has been considerably reduced. A. suddenly B. greatly C. generally D. slightly
7. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do . A. saying B. doubting C. thinking D. knowing
8. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A. happy B. energetic C. alone
D. busy
9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. A. reported B. proved C.caught D. praised
10. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A. maintained B. recommended C. considered D. acknowledged
11.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A. handle B. raise C. pose
D. experience
12.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. A. relative B. general C. continuous D. sharp
13. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A. obvious B. major C. unclear D. minor
14. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A. ignored B .organized C .caused D. received
15. Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage. A. turning B. jumping C .shouting D.shaking
第2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分） 下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供
的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没
有提及，请选择C。 Relieving the Pain
\"Excercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,\" say doctors at a new clinic for dealing
with pain. “People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising.”
The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it
seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after
headaches and tiredness, ahs become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.
Painful backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumber （腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the
ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly
decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the
site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body’s “feel-good” chemicals,
which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for
drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family dotor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs
rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not
know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger
doess or series of different drugs. “It’s crazy,” says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the Internaional
Association for the Study of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different
doctors. I’ve just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing
under different names.”
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once
patiens have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut
down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation
exercise, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practive t’ai
chi(太极)
self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a half hours
physiotherapy(理疗) a week in a traditional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to
increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence,” explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain
doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active
lifestyles much sooner that those subjected to more conservative treatment.” 16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of excecise. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
19. Doctors often use drugs such as endprphins to treat patients. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
20. Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
21. Excercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
22. New pain clinc ask patients to give up drugs completely. A) Right B) Wrong
C) Not mentioned
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30 题，每题1 分，共8 分）
下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：（1）第23-26 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第1~4 段每
段选择1 个最佳标题；（2）第27~30 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最佳选 项。
Owls and Larks(猫头鹰与云雀)
1. In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need
eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep
for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these
with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm
clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is that it’s difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much
sleep your body actuall y needs on that particular occasion.
2. The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The
reason why people tend to be one ore the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through
habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling
asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.
3. The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie,
or computer game till the early hous of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when
they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning—an owls’s or a lark’s lifestyle? The simple truth
is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life
in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret.
4. As for naps, experts on insomnia(失眠)argue against taking naps, as these may keep people
up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours.
However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it’s not only naps that you
should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁), do mentally
intense
activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that
drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go
near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to
awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in. 23. Paragraph 1 _________ 24. Paragraph 2 _________ 25. Paragraph 3 _________ 26. Paragraph 4 _________
A.Which is better, being an owl or a lark? B.What should we avoid? C.What helps us fall asleep?
D. What makes people owls or larks? E.Why do we need sleep?
F.How much sleep do we need? 27. Sleep helps brain to _________.
28. Parents with very young children tend to _________ 29. A good lifestyle means one can _________. 30. It is good advice for most people to _________. A. stay up till the early hours of the morning B. sleep enough to bring most refreshment C. rebuild memories stored during the day D. stor memories in the brain E. get up quite early
F.keep away from coffee in the evening
第4 部分：阅读理解（第31-45 题，每题3 分，共45 分）
下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。
第一篇 Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous
system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory
communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets,
these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）. The
result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,
appropriate, effective, and self-omitting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When
immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune
troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders（入侵者）. Virtually every body cell carries
distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’s immune defenses do not normally attack
tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a
state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself
molecule, the system has the ability to “remember” the specifics of the foreign body. Upon
subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly.
With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so called
immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your
immune system must “learn” from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself
molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate
molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen. Tissues or cells
from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers) act as
antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The
body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system
into their primary, non-antigentic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of
intricate and characteristic shapes called epitomes, which stick out from its surface. Most antigens,
even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may
even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an
immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as
nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
31. What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system?
A) The immune system’s memory. B) Immune troops eliminatin intruders. C) Bees flying around a hive. D) A sea of microbes.
32. The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as
A) self-tolerance. B) balance. C) harmony. D) tolerance.
33 How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as “foreign” or “nonself”? A) Through an allergic response. B) Through blood type.
C) Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface. D) Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface. 34. Which of the following statements is true? A) Allergens are usually harmful substances. B) Antigens can trigger an immune response.
C) People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses. D) There is no difference between an antigen and an allergen.
35. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A) An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.
B) One of the immune system’s primary functions is the allergic response. C) The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.
D) The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself.
第二篇 Cell phones: hang up or keep talking
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual
not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that
the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are
cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried.
Some doctors are concerned that in the futre many people may suffer health problems from the use
of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone
companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof
that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some
people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected
with modern scanning(扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young
age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often
forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day,
every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone
use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech
machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies
agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less
often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when
you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In
the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for
now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
36. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A) they’re popular. B) they’re cheap. C) they’re useful. D) they’re convenient.
37. The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A) cured. B) removed. C) discovered. D) caused.
38. The salesman retired young because A) he disliked using mobile phones.
B) he was tired of talking on his mobile phone. C) he could’t remember simple tasks.
D) his employer’s doctor persuaded him to.
39. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A) deny the existence of mobile phone radication.
B) develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation. C) try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health. D) hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about. 40. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people A) to buy mobile phones. B) to update regular phones.
C) to use mobile phones less often. D) to stop using mobile phones.
第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的）Resistance
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the
infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have
developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their
treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no
alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO
suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit
the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of
antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in 7\"he Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new
gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article
has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised
awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development
requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to
define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate
action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the
pharmaceutical industry, and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the
following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including
education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or
enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict
adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing
measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many
countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can
effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate
international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme
of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
41. Antimicrobial residence has become a global public health issue because A. new antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries.
B. infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people. C. scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria.
D. there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
42. The word “prudent” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to A. unwise. B. careful. C. wasteful. D. widespread.
43. The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that A. a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared.
B. some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics. C. some infections are caused by antibiotics.
D. some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant microorganisms. 44. WHO recommends governments to focus on the following areas EXCEPT A. education on the use of antibiotics.
B. keeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use. C. control of antibiotic use.
D. introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics. 45. We learn from the passage that
A. antimicrobial resistance was not noticed until 2010.
B. without WHO, no country will be safer in the war against antimicrobial resistance.
C. WHO will focus its prevention and control efforts in poor countries.
D. further study is needed to deal with the transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
第5 部分：补全短文（第46-50 题，每题2 分，共10 分）
下面的短文有5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其
分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Mt. Desert Island
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running
form the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles.
If you followed the coastline between these points,you would travel more than ten times as far. This
irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.____(46) At that time,the whole area
that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier(冰
川)descended, however, it expended enormous force on those moutains,and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank,ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land,forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons(咸水湖).The highest parts of the former
moutain range,nearest the shore,remained as islands. ____(47) Marine fossils found here 225 feet
above sea level,indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands.Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited,but many are home to thriving communities.Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest,most beautiful of the Maine coast islands.Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles,Mt.Desert was essentially formed as two distinct
islands.____(48)
For years,Mt.Desert Island,particulary its major settlement,Bar Harbor,afforded summer homes
for the wealthy.Recently though,Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well.
But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park.Because
the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate(温带)and sub-Arctic zones,the island
supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach,inland,and alpine（高山的）
plants.____(49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve
will be perpetually available to all people,not just the wealthy.Visitors to Acadia may receive nature
instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping,cycling,and boating.Or they may
choose to spend time at the archeological museum,learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt.Desert island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.___（50）From the
summit,you can gaze back toward the mailand or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the
beauty created by retreating glacier.
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.
C.The wealthy residents of Mt.Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.
E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.
F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
第6 部分：完形填空（第46-50 题，每题2 分，共10 分）
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern
Europe. Focal（集中的） increases in rates during recent weeks were ______(51) in at least two
astern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory（呼吸道） diseases activity with
concurrent（同时存在的） circulation of pandemic influenza still ______(52) in parts of southern
and eastern Europe, ______(53) in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine.
In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains ______(54) active and widespread, but
overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1
2009, ______(55), very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all
influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia. In ______(56), limited available data indicate that
active, high intensity transmission is occuring in Northern African countries ______(57) the
Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia, limited data ______(58) that influenza virus circulation remains active, but
transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also
appear to have passed their ______(59) period of transmission within the past month, though both
areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not
yet ______(60) to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to
be ______(61) overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining
activity following a large peak of activity ______(62) one month ago.
In North America, influenza transmission ______(63) widespread but has declined quickly in
all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza
transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease ______(64) has been declining
or remains unchanged in most parts, ______(65) for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries. 51. A) reported B) expected C) marked D) caused 52. A) plays B) exists C) keeps D) maintains 53. A) usually B) exactly C) completely D) particularly 54. A) active B) inactive C) faithful D) unaffected 55. A) yet B) still C) however D) until 56. A) fact B) addition C) general D) total
57. A) along B) beside C) at
D) around 58. A) advise B) propose C) suggest D) recommend 59. A) brief B) late C) peak D) long 60. A) led B) brought C) returned D) turned 61. A) rising B) balancing C) jumping D) declining 62. A) above B) from C) since D) over
63. A) remains B) seems C) expands D) becomes 64. A) activity B) picture
C) performance D) quality 65. A) as B) all C) and D) except
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