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2018年XX高考英语：巧解高考完型
众所周知，完形填空往往是同学们在考试当中失分最多、提分最慢也是最没把握的一个题型。这也令我们大部分的高三考生头疼不已。今天，我们就来帮助大家好好分析一下这个“障碍”，下文会给大家一些实用的解题小建议，已起到“敲砖引玉”的作用。
从命题规律上说，高考完形填空遵循“文章内容体现生活化”和“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，综合考查考生的语言知识与能力。体裁多以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。
未来高考完形填空题将更加侧重于考查语境，而实词能较好地体现语境。因此，动词、名词、形容词和副词的运用将会是完形填空考查的重中之重。
一、考情分析
命题规律：高考完形填空遵循“文章内容体现生活化”和“以实词为主、虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的名词原则，综合考查考生的语言知识与能力。
命题趋势：未来高考完形填空题将更加侧重于考查语境，而实词能较好地体现语境。因此，动词、名词、形容词和副词的运用将会是完形填空考查的重中之重。
二、真题统计
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 动词 40% 20% 45% 35% 40% 30% 45% 40% 名词 25% 30% 20% 20% 25% 35% 35% 35% 形容词 15% 20% 20% 20% 15% 10% 10% 10% 副词 10% 15% 10% 15% 5% 10% 5% - 介词 5% 5% - 10% 5% 5% 5% 10% 连词 5% 5% - 5% 5% 5% - 5% 语法 - 5% 5% 5% - 5% - - 代词 - - - - 5% - - - 三、解题步骤
1. 通读原文——抓中心，理逻辑，懂大意
第一遍读文章时不要做题，而是跳过空格，通读试题所给的要填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。在读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章
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的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段，往往是故事发展的结果，所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示，或是对全篇文章的概括。因此，先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。 ①首句：一般不设空——画一个中心词（人/事/物）
首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主体、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握主题句，对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
（2016XX）The journey my daughter Cathy has had with swimming is as long as it is beautiful.
②带空阅读且简单空可以填——固定搭配，语感，简单推断
（2016课标全国Ⅲ）Just before September, Miller was struck b a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 4 _____. A. school B.vocationC.hospitalD.training ③尾句/尾段——确认自己对于文章中心的把握
（2015XX）My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home.
That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are ____, they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t met yet. 2.精读+做题——解题技巧
①语境信息解题法——（两类提示+三大原则） 提示信息的种类：词，句子......
提示信息的位置：上文，下文，紧邻，较远（牢记原则和放一放原则） 完形填空最主要的特点就是语境，即上下文。所以语境便是我们做题最重要的法门。完形填空中，有80%-90%的空都可以在上下文中找到提示信息，所以我们在做题的过程中，一定要注意该空的前后文。这些提示信息可能是一个词，句子，事件或者“and”“but”连词。它们可能就在该空的上一句或下一句，也可能在距离该空比较远的地方。对于提示词比较远的时候，我们有两种选择：①先猜，然后通过后文的提示进行确认；②先放一放，找到提示信息再返回做题。 提示信息的种类：
a.有时候，设空的提示信息就是与之相关的一个词，通过这个词，我们可以从四个选项中排除出正确的答案。
（2016XX）Cathy suffered some terrible 16____ in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 17____became healthy. 16. A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. Illness
It was the greatest 34_____ of my daughter’s life. With all she had been 35______ in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功). 34. A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. Moment
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（2016）How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 4____ was already full of ice, so it couldn’t e by ship. 4. A.airportB.stationC.harborD.border b.提示信息是一个句子：
有时候我们的提示信息是一个句子，比如冒号或破折号之后的解释说明或者说话内容或者从句。
1.（2016XX）There were moments of 28_____ of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. 28. A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise 2.（2016XX）By the end of the first chapter, 16____ were ing from the back seat:“Please read a little 17____.” 16. A.decisionsB.requestsC.mentsD.promises
3.（2015XX）The next day, we got a 27____ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. 27. A. relaxing c.牢记原则
（2016课标全国Ⅲ）That season, I ____ all of Miller’s records while he ____ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1and I was named most valuable player, ____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s ____. ...
His words freed me from my bad ____. A.memoriesB.ideasC.attitudesD.dreams d.放一放原则
（2015课标Ⅱ）He looks around at ____. He stops when ___- someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he ____, looking for more people with cold ____.
A.cars B.peopleC.street numbers D.traffic lights
（2014XX）_____ was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. ...
____ we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson bee very _____ about what had happened to the elderly couple.
A. Her husband B. My son C.The crowd D. The seller e.整句读原则
（2015XX）But our funds were ____, none of the houses in our prices range seemed satisfactory.
A.neededB.limitedC.enoughD.large
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B. disappointing C. pleasant D. Regular
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②复现解题法
这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现形式。这种题型主要考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。
（2016XX）From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn’t ___ a single practice. She had a___ intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this ___ human being with a passion and mission. A.rich B.weakC.firmD.kind A.trustedB.determinedC.experiencedD.embarrassed
（2015XX）Dad had a green b. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his ____ and say, “good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?” ...
... When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you help me ___ my b?” I looked at him for a while, then ___ the b and beaded to the sink. A.bag B.walletC.bD.brush A.sharpenB.repairC.cleanD.keep
（2016XX）“No, it’s too long and it doesn’t have any _______,”plained Lainey. “Oh, that’s where you are ____; there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to ____ them. It’s like magic.” A. Pictures B.storiesC.adventuresD.conversations ③固定搭配、习惯用法解题法
习惯用法是英语中固定的结构,是不能随意改的.平时学习中应注意积累及掌握好习惯用法.同时,应多注意词语辨析及词语搭配,要培养在特定语境中灵活运用词语的能力. 对于这类型的考查，要求学生平时多积累并且牢记。
（2013XX）From dawn to dusk,he works countless hours to 31_____ our family. A.supportB.settleC.startD.impress
（2015课标2）It 17_____ me that playing against the other team was a great ____ moment for all the girls on the team. A.confusedB.struckC.remindedD.warned
（2015XX）Two years later, Dad started his own 6___, which wasn’t doing so well.
A.familyB.businessC.taskD.journey ④逻辑关系解题法
逻辑关系是一篇文章行文的主要线索，同时也是我们解题的一个主要线索。准确把握句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑关系对于选择正确答案起着至关重要的作用。这种逻辑关系主要包含并列、递进、因果和转折等。 a. 时间关系:“before、 after、 later、as、when”等;
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（2015XX）He 5_____ as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. 5. A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed up b. 因果关系:“because、 for、 since 、as so 、therefore、 thus”等; （2015XX）He added that Jason 17____ money because he would not tell a lie. 17. A.borrowedB.lostC.madeD.saved
c. 转折关系:“but 、however、 nevertheless、 on the contrary”等’ 1.（2015XX）It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26_____ than the original asking price.
26. A. worse B. better C. less D. higher
2.（2015XX）I passed the clean b back to Dad. He smiled at me and 16_____ placed his b on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 17____. Dad had aged.
17. A.differentB.excitingC.interestingD.urgent
d. 并列关系:“and 、and also、 or 、neither„nor„„、either„„or„„、not only„„but also„„、as well、similarly、in the same way、that is to say”等 （2015）But he said that they were all 5_____ people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. 5. A.proudB.richC.luckyD.nice
e. 让步关系:“although、though、even though、even if、no matter+疑问词”等
f. 条件关系:“if、only if、if only”等.
（2016XX）33___ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”
33. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because ⑤利用生活常识和文化背景解题法
高考完形填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式，并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识和文化背景知识。因此，当我们无法从文中找到提示信息或者从语言层面无法找到出口时，利用生活常识是我们解决该种题型的主要策略。
（2015课标Ⅰ）My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend! On the way, we spotted aa man holding a piece of paper that said, “1 ____ my job. Family to Feed.”
1. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished
（2015）That night, the two of them 1_____ side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. 1. A.satB.stoodC.layD.walked 3. 带入检查 真题演练：
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（以2016高考XX为例）The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful...
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