考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编11
(总分36,考试时间90分钟)
2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
如何充分利用上大学的时间——1986年英译汉及详解It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.【F1】If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.【F2】If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.【F3】Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.【F4】Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those \"all rounders\" with no particular interest.They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, \"I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn\"t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn\"t have ended up as an interpreter, but it\"s too late now. I couldn\"t go back and begin all over again.\"【F5】There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one\"s time at university.【F6】This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.【F7】He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.【F8】It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world. 1. 【F1】 2. 【F2】 3. 【F3】 4. 【F4】 5. 【F5】 6. 【F6】 7. 【F7】 8. 【F8】
花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求——2013年英译汉及详解It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a \"still point of the turning world,\" to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one\"s relation to one\"s environment.【F3】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn\" t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they **posure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so **positions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word \"garden\" though in a\"liberated\" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms. 9. 【F1】 10. 【F2】 11. 【F3】 12. 【F4】 13. 【F5】
基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取——2010年英译汉及详解One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the **munity have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the **munity, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically
weak, or that they prey only on \"worthless\" species.Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of **munity, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of tree have been \"read out of the party\" by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the **mercial tree species are recognized as members of native **munity, to be preserved as such, within reason.Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the **munity that **mercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts. 14. 【F1】 15. 【F2】 16. 【F3】 17. 【F4】 18. 【F5】
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