U6 语法梳理

语 法 梳 理 宾语从句

在复合句中，充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句，一般位于

及物动词或介词之后。宾语从句的连接词有：从属连词that，whether / if，连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose 及连接副词when，where，how，why等。 观察下列句子，归纳宾语从句的基本用法。 1. I hope (that) you will like the book.

2. He asked me if / whether I was at home that day. 3. He asked me whether I was going with him or not. 4. Mike asked when the meeting would start. 5. I am sorry that you missed the last bus. 【梳理】

1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用从属连词that引导（在口语中通常省略）；

2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，用从属连词if/ whether引导；如果从句中含有or (not)，则只能用whether； 3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，用连接代词（如what; which; who; whom等）或连接副词（如when, where, how, why等）引导；

4. 某些形容词（如sorry，sure，surprised，afraid 等）后面可以接宾语从句，其连接词根据句子意思而定，可以是上述

中的任一连接词。 请看下面表格：

宾语从句类别 1. 表示陈述意义 连接词 例句 that（在口语和非正 We hope (that) you will enjoy your holiday. 式文体中可省略） He told me (that) he had got many birthday presents. 2. 表示对某个具 连接 who Do you know who he is? 体内容的疑问意 代词 whom He asked me whom I talked with just now. 义，如谁、谁的、whose Can you tell me whose book it is? 什么、哪个、什么what Ask him what he wants. 时候、什么地方、which Tell me which class you are in. 怎么样、为什么等 连接 when Judy asked when the lecture would begin. 副词 where I wonder where I can post my letter. how Mother showed us how she made pizza. why He told Mr Wang why he was late for school. 3. 表示“能否、是 if, whether（若句中 I wonder if / whether he can drive a car. 否、对否、有否”有(or) not，则只能用 We don’t know whether he will come or not. 等疑问意义 whether） 4. 在glad，happy， 可根据实际情况使 We are very glad (that) you have come to help us. afraid，sure，sorry 用上述的任一连接 I’m afraid (that) it’s going to snow. 等形容词后面 词；that可省略 Are you sure when we will start? 【注意事项】

1. 语序：宾语从句要用陈述句的语序（即主语+谓语）； 2. 时态呼应：当主句的谓语动词为现在时（如一般现在时或现在完成时），从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态；如果主句时态为一般过去时，则宾语从句要用过去的某一时态；但是如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实或科学真理，从句就要用一般现在时。