今年(2016年)⾼考英语全国卷的语法填空题如下：
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But fortourists like me, pandas are its top ________61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticketmoney helps pay for research, I________62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals atthe 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be theirUKambassador. The title will be
________63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandasgoes back ________64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________65_ I was the firstWestern TV reporter________66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued fromstarvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ________67_(introduce) Britishvisitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains ofBifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________68_(it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few ________69__( day) with his sister sothat while one is being bottle-fed, ________70_ other is with mum-she never suspects. 其中第66题所提供的答案是 permitted。但不是说 the first 修饰的名词后⾯⽤不定式吗？这⾥为什么⽤过去分词呢？听阅卷的⽼师说，今年的⾼考阅卷中，该题填 to be permitted 是不得分的。
▲但是，请看下⾯⼀道20多年前的⾼考题：
The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16thcentury.(1994年⾼考题)
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written本题答案是 B，⽽不是 D。
▲疑问：这个问题应该可以归纳到 the first后接不定式被动式还是过去分词的问题。其实这个问题英语答疑问曾经专门讨论过，只可惜没有引起⼤家的⾜够重视！恕我直⾔，这个问题的解答也没有完全解决问题的根本！▲本题悬偿鲜花20朵，恳请专家⽼师给予详细解答，⾮常感谢！0 条评论分类：词法问题请先 登录 后评论
最佳答案 2016-07-19 11:50
1. 秦裕祥著的《英语语法专题研究》（湖南师范⼤学出版社1999年5⽉第1版）P191：在被thefirst, the last 等词语修饰的名词之后，不定式⼀般体可以表⽰先时性动作，这样就出现⼏种可以交换使⽤的情况：That was the first book to be written / to have been written / written by awoman writer.
2. 赵振才编著的《英语常见问题解答⼤词典》（增订版）（世界图书出版西安公司 2005年3⽉第1版）P489：但是，当先⾏词含有first, next, last或者形容词最⾼级这样的词语时，则充当定语的动词不定式通常不含有将来意义或情态意义，⽽含有过去时意义：He was the first man to fly the Atlantic (to fly = who flew).He was the first to be there (to be= who was).
They were the last guests to arrive (to arrive=who arrived).
3. L.G. Alexander 著New Concept English《新概念英语》（修订版）【英汉对照本】（安徽科
学技术出版社 1992年2⽉第2版）第3册P264：The deepest hole ever to be bored on land wentdown 25340 feet—considerably less than the height of Mount Everest. 葛传槼教授审订的译⽂为：在地上已钻出的最深的孔达到2534、0英尺——⽐起珠穆朗玛峰的⾼度⼩得多。王福林 郭兴家编的《新概念英语辅导材料》第3册（安徽科学技术出版社 1992年2⽉第10次印刷版）P210：ever to be bored on land 作hole 的定语。25340 feet作 状语，修饰 went down。意即“曾在陆地上钻出的最深的洞达25430英尺”。4. Michael Swan著的Practical English Usage《英语⽤法指南》（第⼆版 翻译本）（外语教学与研究出版社 2000年9⽉第1版）P285：最⾼级之后可跟动词不定式结构。He’s the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal(=…who has ever won…).(笔者注：Michael Swan认为to win作后置定语修饰the oldest athlete，可以改为含有现在完成时的定语从句who has ever won…，说明此处的动词不定式所表⽰的动作发⽣在主句动作之前，从⽽验证了赵振才教授所说的“当先⾏词含有first, next, last或者形容词最⾼级这样的词语时，充当定语的动词不定式含有过去时意义，即秦裕祥教授所说的”不定式⼀般体可以表⽰先时性动作”。)常与这种结构连⽤的还有first, second, third等词以及next, last 和only。Who was the first person to climb Everest without oxygen?The next to arrive was a big black snake.She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes.5. Michael Swan 著的 Practical English Usage (Third Edition Oxford University Press2005) P259: He’s the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal (=…who has ever won…).Who was the first person to climb Everest without oxygen?The next to arrive was Ms Patterson.She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes.6. 卢胜莽编著的《英语⾮谓语动词疑难详解》（辽宁⼤学出版社 1989年12⽉第1版）P78：This is the best book on the subjects to appear this year. (= this is the best book on the subjectsthat will appear / has appeared this year.)这是今年出版的论述这个问题的最好的书。（不定式变成定语从句说明，不定式的信息可以时将要发⽣的信息，也可以是完成的信息，要根据说话时书是否已出版⽽定）。He was the first man to fly across the Pacific. (=He was the first man who had flown across thePacific.)他是第⼀个飞过太平洋的⼈。（不定式变成定语从句说明，不定式表达已完成的信息）。这样看来：1994年⾼考试卷的第34题的答案B to be written 和D written 都可以，可惜当时⼤多说语法书主张在被 the first, the last 等词语修饰的名词之后，通常⽤不定式⼀般式表⽰同时性或后时性动作，to be written 作后置定语不被认可。然⽽，现在秦裕祥教授的观点“在被 the first, the last 等词语修饰的名词之后，不定式⼀般体可以表⽰先时性动作。”逐渐被接受，英语教材（⽜津英语模块五（Unit 3—Reading—The perfectcopy）中的⼀句话“The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was dolly thesheep.”就是佐证。所以，2016年全国⾼考试卷第66题：I was the first Western TV reporter ______ (permit) to filma special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 按照句意来说可以有以下答案：permitted, to be permitted, to have been permitted。5 条评论李 翔
1. 秦裕祥著的《英语语法专题研究》（湖南师范⼤学出版社1999年5⽉第1版）P191：在被thefirst, the last等词语修饰的名词之后，不定式⼀般体可以表⽰先时性动作，这样就出现⼏种可以交换使⽤的情况：That was the first book to be written/to have been written/written by a womanwriter.
2. 赵振才编著的《英语常见问题解答⼤词典》（增订版）（世界图书出版西安公司 2005年3⽉第1版）P489：但是，当先⾏词含有first, next, last或者形容词最⾼级这样的词语时，则充当定语的动词不定式通常不含有将来意义或情态意义，⽽含有过去时意义：He was the first man to fly the Atlantic (to fly = who flew).He was the first to be there(to be= who was).
They were the last guests to arrive(to arrive=who arrived).
3.L.G. Alexander 著New Concept English《新概念英语》（修订版）【英汉对照本】（安徽科学技术出版社 1992年2⽉第2版）第3册P264：The deepest hole ever to be bored on land wentdown 25340 feet—considerably less than the height of Mount Everest. 葛传槼教授审订的译⽂为：在地上已钻出的最深的孔达到2534、0英尺——⽐起珠穆朗玛峰的⾼度⼩得多。
王福林 郭兴家编的《新概念英语辅导材料》第3册（安徽科学技术出版社 1992年2⽉第10次印刷版）P210：ever to be bored on land 作hole的定语。25340 feet作状语，修饰went down。意即“曾在陆地上钻出的最深的洞达15430英尺”。
3. Michael Swan著的Practical English Usage《英语⽤法指南》（第⼆版 翻译本）（外语教学与研究出版社 2000年9⽉第1版）P285：最⾼级之后可跟动词不定式结构。
He’s the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal(=…who has ever won…).(笔者注：Michael Swan认为to win作后置定语修饰the oldest athlete，可以改为含有现在完成时的定语从句who has ever won…，说明此处的动词不定式所表⽰的动作发⽣在主句动作之前，从⽽验证了赵振才教授所说的“当先⾏词含有first, next, last或者形容词最⾼级这样的词语时，充当定语的动词不定式含有过去时意义，即秦裕祥教授所说的”不定式⼀般体可以表⽰先时性动作”。)常与这种结构连⽤的还有first, second, third等词以及next, last 和only。Who was the first person to climb Everest without oxygen?The next to arrive was a big black snake.
She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes.
4. Michael Swan著的Practical English Usage(Third Edition Oxford University Press 2005)P259:
He’s the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal(=…who has ever won…).Who was the first person to climb Everest without oxygen?The next to arrive was Ms Patterson.
She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes.
这样看来：1994年⾼考试卷的第34题的答案B to be written 和D written都可以，可惜当时⼤多说语法书书主张在被the first, the last等词语修饰的名词之后，通常⽤不定式，written作后置定语不被认可。
然⽽，现在秦裕祥教授的观点“在被the first, the last等词语修饰的名词之后，不定式⼀般体可以表⽰先时性动作。”逐渐被接受，英语教材（⽜津英语模块五（Unit 3—Reading—The perfectcopy）中的⼀句话“ The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was dolly thesheep. ”就是佐证。
所以，2016年全国⾼考试卷第66题：I was the first Western TV reporter ______ (permit) to film
a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 按照句意来说可以有以下答案：
permitted， to be permitted, to have been permitted。但是，题⽬要求只能填1个单词，答案只能是permitted。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容