北京历史导游词

既然来到了北京，你就有必要对北京的历史有个大概的了解。主要是朝代的顺序，因为这里不像埃及，第一、第二、第三这样一直排列，这里每个朝代都有它自己的名字。在北京的游览中，我们常常会提到几个在北京建都的朝代，它们是中国封建社会的最后三个朝代，分别为元朝、明朝和清朝。

元朝开始于公元12世纪，相当于欧洲的第四次十字军东征时期，统治者是蒙古人，第一个皇帝叫忽必烈可汗。这个帝国在整个世界都是非常有名的，它们的军队曾经从中国一直打到了埃及、匈牙利和俄罗斯地区，统治了整个亚洲，它的疆域是世界历史上最大的。而当时的首都就是北京，所以它是个国际性的大都市，当时的许多地区和民族的人都在北京做事，其中有些人是很有名的，你可能都听说过，例如马可波罗。然而元朝在北京的统治仅仅维持了大约100年，就被农民起义军推翻了。而当时推翻它的起义军首领就是明朝的第一个皇帝朱元璋。 明朝开始于1368年，那时候，欧洲的文艺复兴才刚刚开始。一开始，整个国家的首都是南京。但是在30年后，北方的一位藩王发动了战争，夺取了皇位，成为明朝的第三位皇帝。接着，他就把首都迁移到了北京。北京的很多重要的建筑都是那时候建起来的，例如故宫、天坛、明陵等。明朝结束于1644年，同样是被农民起义军推翻的。

但是新王朝的统治者并不是起义军的领袖，而是来自东北中国的另一个少数民族——满族。它击败了起义军，然后占领了整个中国。由于明朝在北京已经建成了全部的大型建筑，所以清朝主要营建的是园林，大多集中在北京西北郊区，就是著名的三山五园。其中，颐和园建于1750年，比美国宣布独立要早26年，比欧洲革命者攻占巴士底狱要早39年。直到200年以后，清朝被1911革命推翻，中国的封建统治就此结束。

所以在游览前你最好能记住刚才这三个朝代，因为几乎在北京我们要参观的所有景点都与刚才说的三个朝代有关。 History of Beijing

Maybe you are the first time come to Beijing, I think you would better get some knowledge about historical word. Mainly it is the order of dynasties, because China isn’t Egypt, like the First dynasty, the Second dy

nasty and the Third dynasty. In China, every dynasty has its own name. In Beijing’s sightseeing, we refer to some dynasties, which built capital in Beijing. They are the latest three dynasties in Chinese feudal society, Yuan dynasty, Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty.

Yuan dynasty was built in 12th century that time in Europe was the Forth Crusade. The ruler is Mongolian, and the first emperor named Kublai khan. The Yuan dynasty is also very famous in the whole world. Its troops attacked and occupied until to Egypt, Hungary and Russia areas, ruled the whole Asia. It had the largest territory in the world history. At that time, the national capital was Beijing that was the international metropolis. So many people in different areas and nationalities worked in Beijing, some of them maybe you have known, like Marco Polo. But the rule in Beijing of Yuan dynasty only maintained about 100 years. It was overthrown by the peasant revolution. And later, the leader of the peasant revolution became the first emperor of Ming dynasty.

Ming dynasty was built in 1368, which the time in Europe was the early period of Revival of Learning. Firstly, the capital was built in Nanjing. About 30 years later, a king in north China make a war and finally occupied the capital Nanjing, he became the third emperor of Ming dynasty. And then he moved national capital from Nanjing to Beijing. So many important building in Beijing were built in that time, such as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven and the Ming Tombs. The Ming dynasty was also overthrown by the peasant revolution in 1644.

But the ruler of the new dynasty was not the leader of the peasant revolution, but another minority nationality that is Manchu came from Manchuria, northeast China. They defeated the peasant troops and occupied whole China. Because a lot of imperial constructions have completed, the Qing dynasty mainly built gardens, all congregated in the northwest Beijing, which are the famous Three Hills and Five Gardens. The Summer Palace was first built in 1750, 26 years earlier than the US announce in

dependence, and 39 years earlier occupied the Bastille by revolution of Europe bourgeoisie. Until to 200 years later, Qing dynasty was overthrown by 1911 Revolution. The Chinese feudal society was finished in that year.

So it is all right to remember the names of three dynasties. It can help you to realize more about the attractions in Beijing