新(学生版)b4u4语法预学案

高一英语必修四Unit4 Body language Grammar: V-ing 作状语

编制人：姚思诗 审核人：涂萍 课时安排：第4课时 使用班级：高一级 班别： 姓名： 学号： ______ 学习小组：

【预学案】

学习目标

学习并掌握v-ing作状语，状语包括：1. 时间状语2. 原因状语3. 条件状语4. 让步状语5. 表示方式或伴随情况6. 结果状语7. 评论性状语

学习重点：

1. v-ing做v-ing作状语在语法填空中的使用。 2. v-ing做v-ing作状语在改错题中的应用。 学习难点：

v-ingv-ing作状语在写作中的应用。

自学导引

复习：判断下列句子v-ing的句子成分 1. Coming late for school is a bad habit. 2.We should avoid coming late for school.

3.The bad weather keeps the flight coming late. 4.They are exciting .

5.The man running over there is our chairman.

V-ing 形式做状语

现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等,可用恰当的连词改写成相应的状语从句。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。

判断下列句子现在分词作为何种状语，并把句子改成状语从句 1).Using your head, you’ll find a good way.

Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.

2). Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.

Not knowing her address, we can’t get in touch with her.

3).( When ) walking in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop.

4). His father died, leaving the family even worse off. 1

“三导五步”课堂教学 // 廉江市第一中学高中英语必修四预学案 //

5)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.

6).He came running back to tell me the news.

7）Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself.

答案：1.条件状语 2.原因状语3.时间状语 4.结果状语 5.伴随状语 6.方式状语 7.让步状语

8）评论性状语

有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。 generally speaking 一般来说 strictly speaking 严格来说 roughly speaking 大致来说 broadly speaking 广义上来说 narrowly speaking 狭义上来说 judging from/ by 由...判断 considering 考虑到 frankly speaking 坦率地说 personally speaking 就个人而言 supposing 如果

V-ing 形式做状语（总结） 1. 做时间状语2. 做原因状语3. 做条件状语4. 做让步状语5. 表示方式或伴随情况 6. 做结果状语7. 评论性状语 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。v-ing的各种形式和变化如下：

(not) doing (not)having done

(not) being done (not)having been done

如：

Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.

(分词的逻辑主语是you, 句子的主语也是you, 两者构成主谓关系, 所以能用现在分词作状语。) Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.

(分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)

现在分词作状语的几种形式

1.一般形式：现在分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。主动式用doing ,被动式用being done Hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.

Being criticized by the teacher, the boy hung his head.

2. 完成式：当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生,主动式用：having done，被动式用having been done

Having finished the class, she went home.

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“三导五步”课堂教学 // 廉江市第一中学高中英语必修四预学案 //

Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.

【独立主格结构的概念】

独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中做 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。 作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语。 独立主格结构具有两个特点：

1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 独立主格结构：“名词/代词+现在分词”

该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。 例如：

When everyone had sat down, the teacher began his class. =Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class. 每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。 根据例句仿写句子：

1.）Because the boy led the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。 2.）If my health allows，I will work far into the night.

, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。

3.）We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two.

We redoubled our efforts, . 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。

4.The students are walking in the school happily, and each wears a card in front of his chest. The students are walking in the school happily, . 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。 Answers:1.The boy leading the way 2.My health allowing

3.each man working like two

4.each wearing a card in front of his chest

用独立主格结构填写下面的句子

1. , the trees turned green. 春天来了，树木变绿了。(Spring coming on)

2. , she had to look after her at home. 她妈妈生病了，她不得不在家照顾她。(Her mother being ill) 3. , we’ll visit the Great Wall. 时间允许，我们将去参观长城。(Time permitting)

4. , they walked slowly across the street. 他给那位盲人带路，他们慢慢地穿过街道。(He guiding the blind man)

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“三导五步”课堂教学 // 廉江市第一中学高中英语必修四预学案 //

注意：作状语的V-ing 形式和句子之间通常有一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。 True or False:

1.Studying hard, and you will pass the entrance examination to college. 2.Studying hard, you will pass the entrance examination to college. 3.Study hard, and you will pass the entrance examination to college. 自学检测

1_________ her telephone number, I couldn’t ring her up. 由于不知道她的电话号码，我无法打电话给她。 2 ____________________, we will go there on foot. 天气好的话，我们将步行去那里。 3___________________, I met Mary. 上学时我遇见了玛丽。

4. I turn off the light, ____________________. 我把灯关了，所以什么也看不见。

5 _____________________, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功。

6 _____________________ his letter, I decided to write to him. 没收到他的来信，我决定给他写信。 答案：

1 Not knowing 2. Weather permitting 3. While going to the school 4. 4 seeing nothing 5 Working hard 6. Not receiving

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