教学目的:通过虚拟语气的学习,掌握知识点。同时学习的同时对情态动词的
一部分内容也是一种回顾。
内容分析:本节重点是if引导一般虚拟条件句,其中对过去的假设是重点;用
should表示虚拟的词汇;常用的虚拟语气句型,如
would rather,had
rather,It is (high/about )time (是…时候了),动词wish后的虚拟语气,but for,lest,if only后的虚拟语气等。
学情分析:对本部分内容都有所了解,但对其中的具体规则、方式记忆并不清晰。课时分配:4个学时教学过程:
一、
考情分析
虚拟语气的考试焦点是if引导一般虚拟条件句,其中对过去的假设是重点;用should表示虚拟的词汇;常用的虚拟语气句型,如would rather,had rather,would as soon,It is (high/about )time (是…时候了),动词wish后的虚拟语气,but for,lest,if only后的虚拟语气等。二、讲课过程
考点一、if条件句的虚拟
If条件句
与现在事实相反
主句
if+主语+动词过去式(be主语+w/s/c/m+动词原型的过去式用were)
与过去事实相反If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
主语+w/s/c/m+have+动词的过去分词
与将来事实相反If+主语+should(were to)主语+w/s/c/m+动词原型+动词原型/动词的过去式
真题聚焦:2002年真题:
__________,he would have come to class. A.If Mike is able to finish his homework. B.Would Mike be able to finish his homework. C.If Mike could finish his homework.
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D.If Mike had been able to finish his homework.
选D.主句形式是would have done形式,从句只能是had done形式。是对过去情况的虚拟,与过去事实相反。2005年真题、2007年真题需要注意的情况:
1.有时if引导的条件状语从句可以省略
if,而把从句中的动词were,had,
或should移到主语前,注意,not不跟,放在主语后。
真题聚焦6,20,22,24,29题
2.有时表示虚拟语气的条件句或者主句可以省略,只剩下一个主句或者条
件从句。
If I had much more money。I was surprised that you didnhad liked the job)真题11题,06年真题
3.虚拟语气中,条件从句的动作可以和主句动作时态不一致,这叫错综时
间虚拟语气
If I had met him before, I could recognize him. 如果我以前见过他,表与过去事实相反4.含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,
而是利用其它手段来暗示存在我能认出他,表与现在事实相反
’t like the job。You could have done it well。(if you
虚拟条件。这类词有(without,otherwise,or,but for,in the case of(在这个情况下),in a condition of,under a circumstance,provide)本身代替一个条件句03年真题
Without his wise mother, he ________such a succesful scientist. A. would not become
B.shuould not have become
C. may not have become D.could not have become D. 题目中有不可能做了某事的意思。
could not have done正确。
没有他智慧的母亲,他不可能成为如此成功的科学家。
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2010年真题,2014年真题,2003年真题,考点二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用1.
as if(as though)从句中
过去时过去完成时Would+动词原形
与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反
注:没有主句从句之分,情况可真可假It looks as if it is going to rain.真实情况It looks as if it would rain. 虚拟情况2.
wish后面的宾语从句
动词过去时(be的过去式were)过去完成时
Would/could+动词原形
与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反
注:与wish时态无关
I wish it would stop raining。虚拟情况I wish I will pass the exam。真实情况06年真题:
I wish you _____here last night。All A. came
of us were waiting for your arrival。
B. had come C.come D.will come
选B. 本题考点是wish后的虚拟语气:对过去的愿望,用过去完成时;本题关键词last night,显然是对过去的愿望,故选
B.
3.would rather,would sooner,had rather,would(just)as soon,would prefer之后的宾语从句的虚拟语气与过去事实相反与现在/将来事实相反
过去完成式过去式
因为本身已经含有would。表示宁愿做什么或对过去做的事的懊悔02年真题:
I would just as soon as _______those important papers with you. A.that you won
’t take B.your not taking
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C.please don't you take D.you didn't take
D. 本题考点是would just as soon宁愿后用一般过去时表示对现在的愿望。我宁愿你没有带上这些重要的文件。05年真题,06年真题,4.某些动词后的宾语从句
在表示建议,命令,要求,忠告,等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气,“should常被省略。”
常用的此类动词有:
表示“提议,劝告,建议”的:propose,suggest,recommend,advise. 表示“要求”的:ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg 表示“同意,坚持”的:insist 表示“决定,命令”的:decide,order
注意:suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示,表明,坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。09年真题:
The teacher insisted that we ______our homework before 9 oA. finished
B. had finished
C. finish D.was finishing
。
’clock
选C. 本题中的insist 是坚持要求的意思,后跟should+动词原形,should 多省略,故finish正确。
5.“It is(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that….结构中的虚拟语气”表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
常用的形容词:natural,appropriate,advisable,necessary,important,urgent,probable,possible,desirable,strange。注意:在上述所列形容词后面用拟语气。
例:I don’t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的10年真题:
It is necessary that he ____the task by the end of next week. A.fulfill
--
that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚
)
B. will fulfill C. will have fulfilled D.fulfills
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选A.本题考点是necessary 后的that 从句要用should或省掉should的动词原形。故选A.
句意:他下周末完成任务是必须的。02年真题,06年真题,11年真题
6.在“It is (was)+名词+that…..结构句中的虚拟语气”表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
这类名词有:advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,order,pity,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。\\ 注:被动形式为should be done 2005年真题:
We are all for your proposal that the discussion ______. A.be put off B. was put off C. will be put off 选A. 本题关键是proposal,建议。省略,直接跟动词原形,故选
A.
D.should put off
后一定用should do,而should多被
7.If only 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气
If only引出感叹句,意思是“要是…..多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望。与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反
过去时过去完成时Would+动词原形
注:only if 仅仅遵循if条件句的虚拟
eg:You did tell me what to do。If only I _____your advice. A. would take
B.had taken C.would have taken D.have taken
选B.首先画出标志词if only。由句中did判断得出是对过去情况的虚拟,用过去完成时。故选B. (模拟题22,35,44)
8.在lest,for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多用以省略。
should+动词原形构成,should可
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He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again。他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
9.It is the (high/about )time that 句型中要用一般过去式或者一般过去式的用法。是该干…的时候了。08年真题:
It is high time _____about the traffic problem. A.something was done C. anything will be done
B. something is done D. nothing to be done
should do,常考
选A.本题考点是it is (high/about)time 句型,一般要用过去式,在这里又表被动,故选was done。
句意:该是对交通问题采取某种措施的时候了。02年真题,04年真题,06年真题,08年真题。三、回顾总结
今天主要讲了if条件句的虚拟,其中对过去的假设是重点;用虚拟的词汇;常用的虚拟语气句型,如
should表示
would rather,had rather,would as soon,
It is (high/about)time,动词wish后的虚拟语气等
四、布置作业及预习内容每年的真题已经看过了把模拟实战五、教学反顾
45道题做一下
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