1. Data and program are stored in computer memory.
2. The output data depend on the combination of two factors: the input data and the program. 3. Every computer today is based on the von Neumann model.
4. A computer is a programmable data processor that accepts input data and programs and
outputs data.
5. Numbers, text, images, audio, and video are all forms of data. Computers need all types’ data. 6. A bit is the smallest unit of data that can be stored in a computer. 7. A byte is 8 bits
8. A 4-bit pattern can be represented by a hexadecimal digit. 9. Coding is the process of transforming dada into a bit pattern.
10. The computer industry uses the term “multimedia” to define information that contains
numbers, text, images, audio, and video.
11. Images use the bitmap graphic or vector graphic method for data representation. 12. The image is broken up into pixels which can then be assigned bit patterns.
13. Audio data are transformed to bit patterns through sampling, quantization, and coding. 14. Video data are s set if sequential images.
15. Most computers today use the two’s complement method of integer representation.
16. Two’s complement is the most common, the most important, and the most widely used
representation of integers today.
17. To store a fraction in memory, you need its sign, exponent, and mantissa.
18. The term overflow describes a condition in which a number is not within the range defined
by the bit allocation.
19. Logic operation on bits can be unary or binary.
20. To unset (force to 0) all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 0s and then AND the bit
pattern and the mask.
21. To set a bit in a target bit pattern, set the corresponding mask bit to 1 and use the OR
operation.
22. The CPU performs operations on data and has an ALU, a control unit, and a set of register. 23. The registers are stand-alone storage devices that hold data temporarily. 24. Registers can hold data, instructions, and also function as a program counter. 25. A data bus, an address bus, and a control bus connect the CPU and memory.
26. A controller handles the I/O operations between then CPU/memory and the much slower I/O
devices. SCSI, Fire Wire, and USB are common controllers.
27. There are two methods to handle the addressing of I/O devices: isolated I/O and
memory-mapped I/O.
28. To run an instruction in a program, the CPU first fetches the instruction, decodes it, and then
executes it
29. The two designs for CPU architecture are CISC and RISC.
30. There are three methods to synchronize the CPU and the I/O device: programmed I/O,
interrupt-driven I/O and DMA.
31. A protocol is a set of rules that controls the interaction of different devices in a network or
internetwork.
32. The OSI model is a theoretical model that shows how many two different systems can
33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.
communication with each other.
The seven layers of the OSI model are the physical layer, data-link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.
A repeater is a connection device that regenerates data and extends the physical length of network..
A gateway allows two networks, each with a completely deferent protocol suite, to communicate.
A bridge is a connecting device that filters traffic. FTP is a protocol for file transfer.
An IP address identifies each computer connected to the Internet.
A document on the Internet can be classified as static, dynamic, or active. The protocol that supports electronic mail on the Internet is SMTP.
The URL is a standard identifier for specifying information on the Internet.
An operation system facilitates the execution of other software, acts as the general manager of computer system, and ensures the efficient use of hardware and software.
The operation system oversees the memory manager, the process manager, the device manager, the file manger, and the user interface.
In monoprogramming, most of memory capacity is dedicated to one single program. In multiprogramming, more than one program is in memory at the same time.
In partitioning, memory is divided into variable length sections, each of which holds one program.
In paging, memory is divided into equally sized sections called frames and the program is divided into equally sized sections called pages.
The sum of the sizes of all the programs in memory is virtual memory.
A job is a program that is selected for execution. A process is a job residing in memory.
A state diagram shows the relationship between a program, job, and process. A job can be in hold, terminated, ready, running, or waiting state.
An Algorithm is a step-by-step method for solving a problem or doing a task. A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm. Pseudocode is an Englishlike representation of an algorithm.
Selection sort, bubble sort, and insertion sort are commonly used sorting algotithms. Sequential search is used for unordered lists. Binary search is used for ordered lists The only language understood by a computer is machine language.
The steps to building a program include writing, editing, compiling, and linking code.
There are five categories of computer languages: procedural, object-oriented, functional, declarative, and special..
C++ uses the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
The development process for a software package involves four phases: analysis, design, implement, and testing.。
In the testing phases of the development process, black box testing and white box testing must be performed.
There are two models of software development: the waterfall model and incremental model. Software quality can be divided into three broad measures: operability, maintainability, and transferability.
64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
91. 92. 93.
Modularity is the breaking up of a large program into smaller parts.
Coupling is a measure of how tightly two modules are bound to each other. Cohesion is a measure of how closely the processes in a program are related.
You can access the individual elements of an element of an array using the array name and the index.
A record is a collection of related element, possibly of different types, having a single name; each element in it is called a field.
A linked list is an ordered collection of data in which each element contains the location of the next element; that is, each element contains two parts: data an address.
One different between an array and a record is that all elements in a(n) array must be the same type, whereas the elements in a(n) record can be of the same type or different types. A stack is a linear list in which all additions and deletions are restricted to one end, called the top. It is also called an LIFO list.
The push operation adds an item to the top of the stack We define two operations for a stack: push and pop.
A queue is a linear list in which data can only be inserted at one end, called the rear, and deleted from the other end, called the front. It also called a FIFO list. We define two operations for a queue: enqueue and dequeue.
If the tree is not empty, the first node is called root, which has the indegree of zero. All nodes in the tree, except root, must have an indegreee of one. A leaf in a tree is a node with an outdegree of zero.。
If the tree is not empty, the first node is called root, which has the indegree of zero.
Using the depth_first approach, you traverse a binary tree in three sequences: preorder, inorder, and postorder.
There are two standard graph traversals: depth first and breadth first.
The most common methods used to store a graph are the adjacency matrix method and the adjacency list method.
DBMS users can be humans or application programs.
A database is a collection of data that is logically, but not necessarily physically, coherent. Each column in a relation is called an attribute; each row in a relation is called a tuple. A DBMS has three levels: internal, conceptual, and external.
The conceptual level of a DBMS defines the logic view of the data as well as the data model and schema diagrams.
The Structured Query Language is language standardized by ANSI and ISO for use on relation database.
Computers need high-speed memory for registers, medium-speed memory for cache memory, and low-speed memory for main memory.
In the Isolated I/O method, the instructions used to read/write memory are totally different from the instructions used to read/write input/output device.The input/output address can overlap with memory addresses without any ambiguity.
The networks can be divided into three broad categories:LAN, WAN, WAN
An algorithm is an ordered set of unambiguous steps that produces a result and terminates in finite time.
A symbolic language uses symbols to represent various machine language instructions.
94. Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering methods and
principles to obtain reliable software that works on real machines. 95. A DBMS is composed of hardware, software, data, users
96. The structured Query Language (SQL) is the language standardized by ANSI and ISO for use
on relational database. 简答题：
1. What are the subsystems of the von Neumann computer model? 2. Name five types of data that a computer can process.
3. How is bit pattern length related to number of symbols the bit patter can represent? 4. How dose the bitmap graphic method represent an image as a bit pattern? 5. What steps are needed to convert audio data to bit patterns?
6. Which integer representation method handles both positive and negative numbers?
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
Name the logic binary operations.
What is the truth table? Draw the truth tables for OR, AND,XOR. What are the parts of a CPU?
What is the difference between a word and a byte?
List the three methods to handle the synchronization of the CPU with the I/O devices. Describe the different types of register.
Discuss the levels of memory speed and the type of the memory that use each. What are the functions of the three buses that connect the CPU with memory? List the steps in a machine cycle?
What is the function of each layers of the OSI model. List the four different connecting devices. Name the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suit.
Compare and contrast the three Internet document types. What is the purpose of the FTP? What is the purpose of the SMTP? Name the layers of the OSI model?
Name the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
Name four types of connecting devices and their functions.
In multiprogramming, How is paging different from partitioning?
Drawing the state diagram with the boundaries between a program, a job, and a process. Drawing the queues for process management. What is the component of an operating system? What kinds of states can a job be in?
What is the formal definition of an alogorithm?
Define the three constructs used in structured programming.
What are the five categories of computer languages? Give an example for each. Give the evolution of computer languages.
What are three concepts intrinsic to programs in C++? What are the three steps to building a program? Define soft ware engineering. What are cohesion and coupling?
What are the four phases in software development?
39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. What is meant by the software life cycle?
What are the two types of testing in software engineering? What are the three factors in the software quality？ Name three types for data structures? What is an array?
What is the definition of a field in a record? What are the fields of a node in a linked list? What is an abstract data types?
What are three common stack operations?
What are the two general types of file access methods? What is a collision?
Give three collision resolution methods.
What are the five necessary components of a DBMS? What are the three levels of a DBMS? What are the three database models?
Name the binary operations on relations in an RDBMS.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容