Grammar学案
Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained Grammar 任务与目标 1. Present perfect tense , present perfect continuous tense 2.Usage and difference between the two kinds o f tenses 3. Some consolidation work about the tenses 重难点 Main point: grammar and usage Difficulty: differences between the two tenses 内容与过程 一、现在完成时 构成： have / has done 其中，规则动词的过去分词的-ed的加法，和不规则动词需要记忆。 读下面的语料，思考现在完成时的用法： 1. My brother has done his homework already. 我弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 2. Miss brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐已经去过日本两次了。 3. Have you ever been here before? 你以前来过这里吗？ 4. --–Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪儿？ ---He has gone to the bookstore. 他去了书店。 5. It is the first time that I have visited the city of Siyang. 这是我第一次参观泗阳城。 6. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我迄今看过的最好的电影。 【归纳】现在完成时的用法： 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或者已经完成的某一动作或者状态对现在造成的影响或者结果，也就是说现在虽然和过去有关，但是实际上看重的是对现在造成的影响或者结果。 2. “have / has been to +地点”或者“have / has been +位置副词”的意思是“曾经到过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了，可以和just, ever, never等词连用。 3. “have/ has gone to +地点”或者“have / has gone +位置副词”表示“到了某地或者在去某地的途中”。总之，说话人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词做主语。 【巩固】 ① I _______ (not, see) my English teacher this morning. 二次备课/学生整理 ② George ______________(meet) that gentleman on several occasions. ③ Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____________(not, decide) yet. ④ It is the first time that I _________(see) such a wonderful building. ⑤ I got to know him two years ago. We __________(know) each other for two years. 二、现在完成进行时 构成： have/ has been done 读下面的语料，思考现在完成时的用法： 1. They have been fighting for independence since 1960s. 他们从二十世纪六十年代以来一直为独立而斗争。 2. We have been studying in this school for three years. 我们一直在这所学校学习了三年。 3. What have you been doing this morning? 你今天早上做了什么？ 4. My clothes are all wet. I’ve been working in the rain. 我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨里干活。 4. I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. 三天里我一直在找我丢掉的课本，但是还没有找到。 5. He has been saying that for years. 这话他已经说了好多年了。 6. I have been waiting for hours. 我等了你好几个小时。 【归纳】现在完成进行时的用法： 1. 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直到持续到现在的动作，常常与for+一段时间，since+年份，all this morning , these days 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 2. 现在完成进行时表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间里大部分时间都在持续进行的动作，往往暗示这个动作对现在造成的影响。 3. 现在完成进行时表示强烈的感情色彩。 【巩固】 ① Mr Wang _________________(一直在写) the book for weeks, but I wonder whether he has finished it. ② We ______________________(一直在讨论) the question all the morning, but we haven’t reached a conclusion. ③ We haven’t seen you for a long time. What ______________(一直在做) recently? ④ The baby _____________(一直在哭) since this morning, which has made his mother upset. 三、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1. 在强调动作还没有结束，还要继续时，不能用现在完成时，而要用现在完成进行时，避免被误认为动作已经全部完成了。 She has been washing clothes for more than two hours, but she hasn’t finished it yet. 她洗衣服两个多小时了，但是还没有完成。 2. 有些动词如do, live , learn, play , rain, snow, stand, study, teach, work, wait 等用语现在完成时，并不表示动作完成了，所以它们既可以用于现在完成时又可以用于现在完成进行时。但是如果强调动作延续时间长久，或者带有强烈的感情色彩的时候，用现在完成进行时更好。 （1）I have been doing my homework for nearly a whole day, and how tired my eyes are! 我差不多做了一整天作业，我的眼睛好累啊！ （2）Lily has always been studying hard. 莉莉总是努力学习。（表示赞许） 3. 短暂动词要用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的动作。 4. 有些动词不能用现在完成进行时，但是可以用现在完成时。 如表示状态的词：be, exist; 表示情感的词：like, hate, love等； 表示感觉的词：see , hear, know, feel, sound等 【巩固】 ① His mother ______ never _________ (read) any books about Stonehenge before. ② Tom ______________(read) a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning and he’ll get through soon. ③ I _______________(not, be) so delighted since I ________(enjoy) myself last time. ④ The travelers say that they come from London and __________(travel) for two months. ⑤ How many times ______they ________(swim) in the sea? ⑥ How long _______you __________(play) computer games? 【演练】 1. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ________cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 3. Marty ______ really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked 4. ---Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere. ---- He went to the library after breakfast and _______ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 5. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _______ to make our environment more beautiful. A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try 6. ---How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? ---- Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. has covered D. covered 7. ----Tony, why are your eyes red? ----I _________ up peppers for the last five minutes. A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting 8. We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________. A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 9. Tom in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 10. I’m sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year. A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying 11. ——I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk? ——I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed 12. When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 13. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised 14. ----We’ve spent too much money recently. ----Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives ______ around all the time. A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 15. I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. have promised D. have been promised C. had shopped D. have been shopping
语法参考答案
巩固1 haven’t seen ; has met; hasn’t been decided ; have seen; have known
巩固2 has been writing ; have been discussing ; have you been doing ; has been crying 巩固3 has read; has been reading ; have not been, enjoyed ; have been traveling ; have swum; have been playing
演练 DABCB CDCCD BBDDD
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