1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。
The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.
2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。
The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is
精选文库
the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.
3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。
Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.
4.倡导低碳生活，提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事，只要人人都树立绿色环保意识，坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起，那么久一定
—
2
精选文库
能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作生活的方方面面，要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训；要积极倡导志愿者活动，全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识，提高全社会的低碳环保意识。
Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming. Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult. Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all. To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular. We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life; we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle; we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.
5.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country. As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and
—
3
精选文库
Copyright Day. They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics. Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate. Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。
6.中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。而随着改革开放和经济的发展，人口众多的大家庭开始分解，出现了越来越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费，并常去探望，帮他们干些家务活。在农村，尽管相当多的大家庭已经解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还是和父母住在同一个院子里，这样父母、子女可以互相帮助。
In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved. In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members. With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families. In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores. In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.
— 4
精选文库
II. Vocabulary
1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.
A. straightforwardly B. notably C. virtually D. exceptionally
2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.
A. predominant B. credulous C. inclusive D. sustainable
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments.
A. tough B. demanding C. diverse D. benign
4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A. prejudice B. verification C. verdict D. punishment
5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable B. adverse(negative) C. beneficial D. consequential — 5
精选文库
6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
A. engage B. pursue C. abandon D. invoke
7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.
A. regime B. hegemony C. complex D. federation
8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.
A. evolve B. constitute C. tolerate D. aroused
9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
A. apparatus B. constitution C. insistence D. promotion
10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.
A. endangered B. domesticated C. indigenous D. Extinct
point up by and large take in descent for good
—
6
精选文库
or ill leave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of
1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life. 2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.
3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life. 4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent. 5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that \"the facts\" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.
6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.
— 7
精选文库
7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.
8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)
9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is
crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.
10.But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.
II. Translation
1. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
— 8
精选文库
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
1.2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly \"white\" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—
the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
1.3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
—
9
精选文库
1.4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
1.5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
1.6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
2.1The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love.
— 10
精选文库
苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。
2.2. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
2.3. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith.
良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但不要失去信心。
2.4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
我知道，“ 记住你即将死去”是避免掉进患得患失陷阱的最佳办法。你已经什么都没有了,你根本没有任何理由不去听从自己的心声。
2.5. Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking.
— 11
精选文库
Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice.
你们的时间很有限，所以不要将它浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要被教条所束缚，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让他人喧嚣的观点淹没了你的心声.
4.1 However,just as exceeding the speed limit will,when traffic police are performing properly,lead to a speeding ticket,so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will,when the interviewer knows what to look for,lead directly or indirectly to the question”why should we hire you?”
然而，正如如果一个警察正确执法，超速就要吃罚单一样，面试一份吸引人的、进入某一行业的职位的时候，如果面试官清楚的知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题“我们为什么要雇用你？”
4.2 For someone wishing to begin a new career,the prospects are starting to look nasty and brutish,and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs,hours,and rewards for new employees.
对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变的险恶和残酷，而直接的前景就是工作少，时间短，给新员工作的工资也减少。
4.3 Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.
其他学生可能认为学业课程很难，要求很高，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要
— 12
精选文库
求了。
4.4 If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses,your knowledge of the job market’s demands will help you to make more informed decisions.
如果你的学习计划包括许多不同的学科的课程，那么你要是了解了就业市场的需求，就能帮助你在获得更多的信息的基础上做出抉择。
4.5 You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers.
只要你让老师知道你的想法，你可能会非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。
6.1. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. \"Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present,\" he writes in his book Good Business. \"Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.\"
米哈里·奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受” (flow)这个说法, 信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在《称心如意的工作》一书中他写道: “只要存在强感受因素, 任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点, 从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。”
— 13
精选文库
6.2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.
但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度产生多大影啊, 这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。
6.3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. \"I am a misfit in that
department,\" she says. \"No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it.\"
41岁的马丁娜·蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理, 虽然工作压力大, 但她和同事相处都很好;6年前她换了工作, 到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑, 也得不到老板的赏识。她说: “我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意, 如果工作单位氛围不好, 个人生活就会大受影响。”
6.4. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for onl y about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.
—
14
精选文库
事实上, 对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然, 不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。哈特认为, 对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异, 员工的个性只起30%的作用, 其他的取决于员工每天与同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。
6.5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as \"outside their domain and kind of fringe-ish”, says Thomas Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno.
内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯·赖特说, 直到不久前, 企业家们还不愿考虑员工是否工作心情舒畅的问题, 认为这“不属于他们关心的范围, 和他们的职责范围相去甚远”
6.6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity.
但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。现在看来, 用更广泛的衡量标准来评估快乐感受, 能更有效地预测生产率。
6.7. But at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transcend it all. It c an happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.
但通过关心员工的需求, 至少企业可能发展得更好。那样, 我们更多的人就会在工作中
— 15
精选文库
找到一定程度的满足感。而且偶尔我们可能还希望获得最大程度的满足。这种情况可能发生在篮球场上喧闹欢呼的人群前, 也可能发生在教室里, 在仅仅一个充满感激的学生面前。
7.1Big surprise, I thought, tossing the balled-up clipping over my shoulder. That's up there with \"money eases stress\\"philanderers make even better liars\".
大惊喜,我以为,棉布将里头的卷成球的剪裁在我的肩膀上,与“金钱减轻压力”,“骗子好作家”和“花花公子做更好的骗子”。
7.2Last year, she sadly got her wish, far too soon, living just over half as long as the woman who bore her.
去年,她不幸的是她的愿望,太很快,生活超过一半,只要生了她的女人。
7.3His main character, Enid Lambert, suffers from a depression that acts as a kind of invisible force field, unconsciously repelling everyone away from her fragile core. Enid complains and sulks, manipulates and cajoles, in order to assuage her fundamental dissatisfaction.
他的主要人物,伊妮德兰伯特,患上了抑郁症,作为一种无形的力场,无意识地排斥每个人都远离她脆弱的核心。伊妮德抱怨和摔东西、操纵和劝诱,为了减轻她基本的不满。
7.4She remains intact because her depression protects her from ever truly suffering, the way those around her must. What doesn't kill you, it seems, moves
— 16
精选文库
on to more stubborn quarry.
她仍保持完整,因为抑郁症保护真正的痛苦,她周围的人必须的方式。什么不杀了你,看来,移动更顽固的采石场。
7.5So, hit the snooze, the bottle or the skids. Resume bitching, chin down, carry the hatchet, under rug nothing. Life is hard and then you... sigh. Heavily.
睡,瓶子或打滑。简历牢骚,下巴,把短柄小斧,在地毯。生活是困难的,然后你 叹气。
8.1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it.
每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。
8.2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works.
改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。
8.3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These cha rges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the
—
17
精选文库
regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.
结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些 指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。
8.4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?
这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？
8.5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a \"rite of passage\" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as
non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established.
一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样 成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。
— 18
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容