Book 1
Jd101.mp3 Unit 1
Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on...
How to Improve Your Study Habits
Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how:
1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.
2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.
3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
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第 一 册
第一单元
想知道怎样提高你的成绩而又不必花太多的时间去学习吗？听上去是不是好得令人难以臵信呢？那就读读
看吧……
怎样改进你的学习习惯
你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。你在学校的学习成绩还不错，可你也许会觉得自己永远也成不了尖子。然而实际情况未必如此。你要是想取得更好的分数，也还是能做到的。是的，即使中等智力水平的学生，在不增加学习负担的情况下，也能成为优等生。其诀窍如下：
1. 仔细安排你的时间。把你每周要完成的任务一一列出来，然后制订一张时间表或时间分配图。先把用于吃饭、睡觉、开会、听课等这样一些非花不可的时间填上，然后再选定合适的固定时间用于学习。一定要留出足够的时间来完成正常的阅读和课外作业。当然，学习不应把作息表上的空余时间全都占去。还得留出时间给休息、业余爱好和娱乐活动，这一点很重要。这一周的作息表也许解决不了你所有的问题，但是它会使你比较清楚地了解你是如何使用时间的。此外，它还能让你安排好各种活动，既有足够的时间工作，也有足够的时间娱乐
2. 找个合适的地方学习。选定某个地方作为你的“学习区”。学习区可以是家里或学校图书馆里的一张书桌或一把椅子，但它应该是舒适的，而且不该有干扰。在你开始学习时，你应能够全神贯注于你的功课。
3. 阅读之前先略读。这就是说，在你仔细阅读一篇文章之前，先把它从头到尾快速浏览一遍。在预习材料时，你就对它的内容及其结构有了大致的了解。随后在你正式开始阅读时,你就能辨认出不太重要的材料，并且可以略去某些章节不读。略读不仅使你的阅读速度提高一倍，还有助于提高你的理解力。
4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on test.
6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your knowledge permanent.
There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will
improve your grades. NEW WORDS
average n. ordinary 普通的；中等的 intelligence n. ability to learn and understand 智力
necessarily ad. inevitably 必定
case n. what has really happened; actual condition 实情
additional a. added 加的，额外的 n. addition
weekly a. done or happening every week 每周的；一周一次的
schedule n. timetable 时间表
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4. 充分利用课堂上的时间。上课时
注意听讲意味着课后少费力气。要坐在能看得见、听得清的地方。要作笔记来帮助自己记往老师讲课的内容。
5. 学习要有规律。课后要及早复习笔记。重温课堂上提到的要点，复习你仍然弄不懂的地方。阅读教科书上讲到这些内容的有关章节。如果你知道第二天老师要讲述的内容，那就把这部分材料浏览一下。这有助于你听懂下一堂课。如果你定期复习笔记和课本，你就能更深刻地领会这些材料的内容，也会记得更长久。定期复习是提高考试成绩的有效途径。 6. 树立正确的考试态度。考试的目的在于显示你掌握某一科目的程度。一次考试不及格，天是不会塌下来的。因此，不必为个别的一次考试而过分担心。不错，考试是要评定分数的，但考试也让你知道自己在哪些方面还需要进一步下功夫钻研，另外，考试还有助于你进一步巩固所学到的新知识。
还有另外一些能帮助你提高学习效果的方法。这里只提到寥寥几种。你尝试过这几种方法之后，或许还会发现许多别的方法。跟同学们一起聊聊他们的学习方法。让他们分享你所发现的某些行之有效的学习方法。改进学习习惯一定会提高你
的学习成绩。
chart n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 图（表） commit vt. 指定...用于
aside ad. to the side 在旁边；到（向）一边 etc (Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things 等等
normal a. usual 正常的，正规的，标准的
reading n. the act or practice of reading 阅读
assignment n. sth. given out as a
task (布置的)作业
occupy n. take up 占用
textbook n. a standard book for the study of a subject 教科书；课本
relaxation n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement 休息，娱乐
relax v. 放松，休息，休养
hobby n. what one likes to do in one's free time 业余爱好
entertainment n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy 娱乐
entertain vt. 娱乐，招待，款待
solve vt. find an answer to (a problem) 解决（问题）
aware a. having knowledge or understanding 知道的；意识到的 furthermore ad. moreover; in addition 而且；此外 enable vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.) 使（某人）能（做某事）
activity n. sth. (to be) done 活动
adequate a. as much as one needs; enough 充分的；足够的
distraction n. sth. that draws away the mind or
attention 分心（或分散注意力）的事物
concentrate (on or upon) vi. pay close attention (to)全神贯注（于）
skim vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of) 略读
preview vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand
预习
content n. what is written in a book, etc. 内容 organize vt. form into a whole 组织 later ad. 后来；以后 skip vt. pass over 略过
portion n. part; share 一部分；一份
double v. make or become twice as great or as many （使）增加一倍
comprehension n. the act of understanding or ability to understand 理解（力）
mention vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words 提及
confused a. mixed up in one's mind 迷惑的，混淆的
confuse vt. 搞乱，使糊涂
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performance n. achievement 成绩
meaningful a. having important meaning or value 富有意义的 attitude n. what one thinks about sth. 态度，看法
purpose n. aim 目的，意图 excessively ad. too much 过多地，过分地
excessive a. 过多的，过分的 permanent a. lasting for a long time; never changing 持久的；永久的 technique n. way of doing sth. 技巧，方法
helpful a. useful; providing help or wiling to help 有益的；给予帮助的，肯帮忙的
PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS
fill in write in 填写，填充
decide on make a choice or decision about 选定，决定
set aside save for a special purpose 留出
as well also; too; in addition 也，还；同样
be aware (of) know (sth.); know (what is happening) 知道，意识到 concentrate on direct one's attention, efforts, etc. to 全神贯注于 look over examine (quickly) 把...看一遍，过目
go over review 复习 lead to result in 导致
Jd102.mp3 Unit 2
At sixty-five Francis Chichester set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story of that adventure.
Sailing Round the World
Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931.
The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire,he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in this new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.
Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth century clipper ships. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chicheater did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. Chichester covered 14, 100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone.
He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen. After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends' attempts to dissuade him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.
第二单元
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65岁的弗朗西斯.奇切斯特打算单独进行一次环球航
行，这就是那次冒险的故事。
环 球 航 行
弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了, 他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是在1931年。
好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不能去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。1966年8月，在他快满六十五岁时——许多人在这个年龄己经退休——他开始了一生中最了不起的一次航海。不久，他就驾着那艘16米长的新船吉普赛·莫思号启程出海了。
奇切斯特沿着十九世纪三桅帆船的航线航行。不过，三桅帆船拥有众多船员，而奇切斯特却是独个儿扬帆破浪，即使在主要转舵装臵被大风刮坏之后仍是这样。奇切斯特一直航行了14,000英里，到了澳大利亚的悉尼港才停船靠岸。这段航程比以往单人驾舟航海的最远航程还多一倍多。
他于12月12日抵达澳大利亚，这一天正是他离开英国的第一百零七天。他受到澳大利亚人和乘飞机专程前去迎接他的家人们的热烈欢迎。奇切斯特上岸后，得由人搀扶才能行走。大家众口一词，说他已航行得够远了，不要再继续向前航行了。但他却臵若罔闻。
在悉尼休息了几周之后，他不顾朋友们的多方劝阻，再次扬帆出航。这后半段航程更为艰险,在此期间，他绕过了险情四伏的合恩角。
On 29 January he left Australia. The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, Wild be on an island 885 miles away.
After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the following radio message to London:\" I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.\"
Just before 9 o'clock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Queen Elizabeth II knighted him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth I had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back had covered 28, 500 miles. It had taken him nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.
Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered it. In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about himself. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, h e had given men throughout the world new pride.
NEW WORDS single-handed a. & ad. (done) by one person alone 单独的（地）
adventure n. 冒险（活动）
solo a. single-handed 单独的
transatlantic a. crossing the Atlantic Ocean
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1月29日他驶离澳大利亚。第二天夜晚——这是他所经历过的最黑暗的一个夜晚——海面上波涛汹涌，小船几乎被风浪掀翻。食物、衣服还有碎玻璃，全都混杂在一起了。幸好小船遭到的损坏还不算太严重。奇切斯特镇静地钻进被窝，睡着了。等他醒来时，大海又恢复了平静。然而，他仍禁不住想到，要是果真有什么意外，他能用无线电联系上的人，最近的也要在885英里以外的岛上，除非附近哪儿有条轮船。
奇切斯特成功地绕过合思角以后，便通过无线电给伦敦发去如下电文：“我觉得好像刚从恶梦中醒来。就是野马也休想再把我拖回到合思角和那凶险莫测的南大洋去了。”
1967年5月28日，星期天，晚上将近九点，他回到了英国。有二十五万人等在那儿欢迎他。女王伊丽莎白二世手持宝剑封他为爵士，将近400年前，伊丽莎白一世也曾手持同一把宝剑，把爵位赐予完成首次环球航行的弗朗西斯.德雷克爵士。从英国出发，再回到英国，整个航程长达28，500英里。奇切斯特一共花了九个月的时间，其中实际航行时间为226天。他终于完成了他想完成的伟业。
像许多别的冒险家一样，奇切斯特产生过恐惧而又战胜了恐惧。在这一过程中，他无疑对自身有了一些了解。此外，在当今这个人类如此依赖机器的时代，他赋予了全世界的人们以新的自豪感。 横度大西洋
lung n. part of the body with which one breathes 肺
cancer n. 癌
determined a. with one's mind firmly made up 下定了决心的 determine v. 下定决心
determination n. 决心，果断
retire vi. stop working at one's job(because of age) 退休
voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行
route n. way from one place to another 路线 clipper n. 快速帆船
crew n. group of people who work together on a ship or airplane 全体船员；全体乘务员
steer vt. make (esp. a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction 为...撑舵
device n. a piece of equipment 设备；装置 steering device n. 操舵装置
damage vt. cause harm or injury to 损坏 ad. harm, injury 损坏
gale n. very strong wind 大风 cover vt. travel (a certain distance) 行过（一段距离） previously ad. before 以前 previous a. 以前的
attempt n. try 试图，尝试
dissuade vt. prevent (sb.) from doing sth. by reasoning 劝阻
treacherous a. more dangerous than it seems 暗藏危险的；奸诈的
cape n. 海角
rough a. (of weather or the sea) stormy; not calm （气候）有暴风雨的；（海）波涛汹涌的 fortunately ad. luckily 幸运地；幸亏 fortunate a. 幸运的
contact vt. get in touch with 联系，接触 nearby ad. close by 在附近
following a. next; to be mentioned immediately 接着的；下列的
waken v. (cause to) wake 唤醒；醒来 nightmare n. terrible dream 恶梦
drag vt. pull along with great effort 拖，拉 sinister a. 凶恶的，邪恶的
knight n. 爵士 vt. 封... 为爵士 sword n. 剑，刀
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accomplish vt. finish successfully 完成
conquer vt. overcome 征服 undoubtedly ad. certainly 无疑地 moreover ad. in addition 此外，而且 human a. of or concerning people 人们
being n. a living thing, esp. a person 生物；人
PHRASES & EXPRESSIOMS
set out begin a course if action 着手，开始
give up atop doing 放弃
be determined to (do) have a strong will to (do) 决心（做）
(all) by oneself (completely) alone in spite of not taking notice of; not caring about 尽管；虽然
by far by a large amount or degree...得多
turn over (cause to) fall over, upset （使）翻倒，（使）倾覆
can not help can not keep oneself from 禁不住 PEOPER NAMES Francis Chichester 弗朗西斯. 奇切斯特
Gipsy Moth 吉普赛. 莫斯 Sydney 悉尼（澳大利亚城市） Cape Horn 合恩角（智利） London 伦敦
Elizabeth 伊丽莎白（女子名） Drake 德雷克（姓氏）
Jd103.mp3 Unit 3
They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than others. Everyone was so kind to the old lady on her birthday. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort to please her?
The Present
It was the old lady's birthday.
She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came.
Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn't forget her mother's birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work the aged.
The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner.
One evening, however, Enid said, \"I've arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital--just a minor operation, I'll soon be home.\"
In the morning she went, but never came back--she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast.
Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never.
The old lady was eight today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps--perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lined or endured just as you chose to look at it.
Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited--like a child. She would enjoy her day.
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第三单元
都说血浓于水，亲人总是比外人亲。在老太太生日这天，每个人都对她非常好。无疑她的女儿将会做出更大的
努力使她高兴？
礼 物
这天是老太太的生日。
为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。邮差打马路那头过来的时候，她从三搂的公寓套间里一眼就可以看到。她难得有信，偶尔有邮件寄来，总是由住在底楼的小男孩给她送上来。
她相信今天肯定会有什么东西寄来。迈拉尽管在别的时候绝少写信，可母亲的生日她是不会忘记的。当然，迈拉很忙。她丈夫当上了市长，迈拉自己也由于悉心为老年人工作而获得了一枚奖章。
老太太颇以迈拉自豪，但她真心疼爱的女儿却是伊妮德。伊妮德始终没结婚，但她似乎以跟母亲同住，并任教于附近的一所小学而心满意足。
然而一天傍晚，伊妮德却说：“妈妈，我已安排好让莫里森太太来照料你几天。明天我要去住院 — 只是动个小手术。我很快会回家来的。”
第二天早上她去了，却再也没有回来 —她死在手术台上，迈拉来参加了葬礼，并以她的干练方式，安排莫里森太太来家生火为老太太准备早饭。
那是两年以前的事了，打那以后，迈拉来看过她母亲三次，可她丈夫却一次也没来过。
今天是老太太的八十寿辰。她穿上了她最好的衣裙。也许——也许迈拉会来的吧。不管怎么说，八十大寿毕竟非同一般——你又活了十年，或者说又熬过了十年，是活是熬，全在于你怎么看了。
即便迈拉不来，她也会寄件礼物来的。老太太对这点是拿得准的。脸颊上的两片红晕，使她满脸生辉。她心情激动——激动得像个小孩。她的这个生日一定会过得很快活的。
Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldn't go out to play until the post had come.
\"I guess you'll get lots and lots of presents,\" he said, \"I did last were when I was six.\"
What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blue's such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate.
Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door.
\"Granny, granny,\" he shouted, \"I've got your post.\" He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra's writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. \"No parcel, Johnnie?\" \"No, granny.\"
Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient.
Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday -- Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold.
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she
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tore it into little bits.
昨天，莫里森太太把这套公寓房间打扫得格外干净。今天来准备早餐时还带来了一张生日卡和一束万寿菊。楼下的格兰特太太还做了一块蛋糕，下午老太太要下楼到她家去吃茶点。小男孩约翰尼也上楼来过，送来了一盒薄荷糖，还说他要等邮件来了以后再出去玩。
“我猜你准会收到好多好多礼物，”他说。“上个礼拜我六岁生日，就收到好多好多。
她想要样什么礼物呢? 也许是一双拖鞋。或者是一件新的羊毛开衫。要真是一件羊毛开衫那就太好了。蓝盈盈的，那颜色该多么漂亮。过去吉姆就总喜欢她穿蓝色。再不就是一盏台灯，或者一本书，一本带照片的游记；一只小钟也行，钟面带醒目的黑色数字的小钟。让人喜欢的东西可真多。
她站在窗口张望着。邮差骑着自行车转过了拐角。她心跳加快了。约翰尼也看到了邮差，立即向大门口跑去。 接着，楼梯上传来“咔嗒咔嗒”的脚步声。约翰尼敲了敲她的门。
“奶奶，奶奶，”他叫着说，“我拿到你的信了。”
他交给她四封信。三封没封口，是老朋友寄来的生日卡。第四封是封口的，上面的字迹出自于迈拉之手。失望的痛楚攫住了老太太的心。
“没有包裹吗，约翰尼?” “没有，奶奶。”
也许是包裹太大了，没法随信件邮班同来。对了，准是这个缘故。待会儿会由包裹邮班送来的。她一定要有耐心。
她几乎是带几分勉强之意撕开了信封。只见生日卡里夹着一张折叠起来的纸。卡上印有“生日快乐”字样；下面写着一句附言 ----拿这张支票给自己买样称心的东西 ----迈拉和哈罗德。
支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似地飘落到地板上。老太太慢慢地弯下腰，把支票从地上捡了起来。她的礼物，她的可爱的
礼物! 她用颤抖的手指把支票撕了个粉碎。 NEW WORDS relative n. 亲属，亲戚 present n. gift 礼物，赠品 postman n. 邮递员
rare a. not happening often 罕见的；不常发生的 occasion n. special time; time when sth. happens 时刻，时机；场合
mayor n. chief official of a city or town 市长 medal n. 奖章
aged a. old 年老的，…岁的，老年人特有的 content a. satisfied; pleased 满意的；高兴的 primary a. first; earliest 首要的；最初的 arrange vi. make preparations; plan 作安排，筹划 minor a. not serious or important 较小的；次要的 operate vi. cut the body in order to set right or remove a diseased part 开刀，动手术
operating table n. a special table in a hospital, where operations are done 手术台
funeral n. 葬礼
efficient a. able to plan and work well 效率高的 decade n. ten years 十年，十
endure vt. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) 忍受，忍耐
spot n. a round area that is different from the main surface 点，斑点 brighten vt. make bright or brighter 使发光；使发亮 cheek n. either side of the face below the eye 面颊 extra a. additional 额加的，外加的
clean n. cleaning 清洁，清洗
bunch n. things of the same kind that are tied together （一）束，（一）串
marigold n. 万寿菊（花）
packet n. small parcel box 小包（裹） mint n. 薄荷糖 slipper n. 拖鞋
cardigan n. （羊毛）开衫
clatter n. a number of rapid short knocking sounds 咔嗒声
granny n. (colloq. for)grandmother envelope n. a paper cover for a letter 信封 unsealed a. 未密封的 seal vt. 密封
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sealed a. 密封的
writing n. handwriting 书法；笔迹
pang n. sudden, sharp pain 剧痛 disappointment
n.
sadness
because one does not get what one hopes for 失望 disappoint vt. 失望 parcel n. 包裹
reluctantly ad. unwillingly 不情愿地，勉强地
reluctant a. 不情愿的
fold vt. bend into two or more parts 折叠
cheque n. 支票
flutter vt. move quickly to and fro in the air 飘动
stoop vi. bend the body forwards and downwards 弯腰 tremble vi. shake uncontrollably with quick short movements 颤抖 PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
at other times on other occasions
在别的时候；平时 round / around the corner very near in distance or time 在附近；即将来临
after all in spite of everything; it must be remembered 毕竟；终究 be sure of 对...有把握，确信 pick up take hold of and lift up from a surface 拿起，捡起 PROPER NAMES Myra 迈拉（女子名） Enid 伊妮德（女子名） Morrison 莫里森（姓氏） Grant 格兰特（姓氏及男子名） Johnnie 约翰尼（John的昵称） Jim 吉姆（James的昵称） Harold 哈罗德(男子名)
Jd104.mp3 Unit 4
Many people in the United States spend most of their free time watching television. Certainly, there are many worthwhile programs on television, including news, educational programs for children, programs on current social problems, plays, movies, concerts, and so on. Nevertheless, perhaps people should not be spending so much of their time in front of the TV. Mr. Mayer imagines what we might do if we were forced to find other activities.
Turning off TV: a Quiet Hour
I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in the United States be prohibited by law.
Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems -- everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness -- are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. We do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better.
On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset. Or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes.
With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can barely write an English sentence, even at
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the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour.
第四单元
在美国，许多人把大部分空闲时间花在看电视上。的确，电视里是有很多值得一看的节目，包括新闻、儿童教育节目、讨论当前社会问题的节目、戏剧、电影、音乐会等等。然而，人们也许不该在电视机前花费那么多的时间。如果我们被迫要找一些其他的活动，那我们可以做些什么呢? 对这一问题，梅耶先生做了一番
想象。
关上电视清静一时
我想建议每天晚上一播完晚间新闻，美国所有的电视台都依法停播六十至九十分钟。
让我们认真而通情达理地看一下，如果这一建议被采纳的话，会有什么样的结果。千家万户也许会利用这段时间真正地团聚一番。没有电视机的干扰，他们晚饭后也许会围坐在一起，当真交谈起来。众所周知，我们的许多问题—事实上是所有的问题，从代沟、高离婚率到某些精神病——至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。我们谁也不把自己心头的烦恼告诉别人，结果感情上便产生了这样那样的问题。利用这安静的、全家聚在一起的时刻来讨论我们的各种问题，我们相互之间也许会更加了解，更加相爱。
有些晚上，如果没有必要进行这种交谈，那么各家各户也许会重新发现一些更为积极的消遣活动。如果他们挣脱开电视机的束缚而不得不另寻自己的活动，他们也许会全家驱车去看日落。或者也许会全家一起去散步(还记得自己长有双脚吗?)，用新奇的目光观察住处周围的地区。
有了空闲时间而不看电视，大人小孩便有可能重新发现阅读。一本好书里的乐趣，胜过一个月中所有典型的电视节目。
教育家们报告说，伴随着电视长大的这一代人几乎写不出一句英语句子，甚至在大学受教育的人也是如此。写作往往是通过阅读学会的。每晚清静一小时，可以造就出文化程度较高的一代新人。
A different form of reading might also be done, as it was in the past: reading aloud. Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story. The quiet hour could become the story hour. When the quiet hour ends, the TV networks might even be forced to come up with better shows in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.
At first glance, the idea of an hour without TV seems radical. What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? How will we spend the time? But it is not radical at all. It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can remember childhoods without television, spent partly with radio -- which at least involved the listener's imagination -- but also with reading, learning, talking, playing games, inventing new activities. It wasn't that difficult. Honest. The truth is we had a ball. NEW WORDS worthwhile a. good enough for the time or effort needed; valuable 值得花时间（或精力）的；有价值的
program (me) n. performance on radio or television 节目
educational a. of or for education; providing education or information 教育的；有教育意义的 current a. of the present time 当前的 social a. of or in society 社会的
movie n. film that one sees at a cinema 电影 nevertheless conj. but; however 然而，不过 propose vt. suggest 建议
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broadcasting n. the action of sending out
sound (or images) by radio (or television) 广播
prprohibit v. & n. forbid by
law 禁止
oposal vt. suggestion 提议，建议 actually n. in actual fact, really 实际上
也许还可以像过去那样进行另一种形式的阅读：高声朗读。没有多少娱乐比一家人聚在一起，听爸爸或妈妈朗读一篇优美的故事更能使一家人关系融洽和睦了。没有电视干扰的这一小时，可以成为朗读故事的时间。等这静悄悄的一小时过去后，要想再把我们从新发现的娱乐活动中拉回去，电视网也许将被迫拿出些更好的节目来才行。
乍一看，停播一小时电视的想法似乎过于偏激。如果少了这位电子保姆，做父母的可怎么办呢? 我们怎么来打发这段时间呢? 其实这个想法一点也不偏激。电视开始主宰美国人的空闲时间，至今也不过才二十五年。我们之中那些年满和年过三十五岁的人，还能回忆起没有电视相伴的童年，那时我们有一部分空闲时间以收音机为伴 —听收音机至少还需要发挥听者的想象力 —但另外我们还看书、学习、交谈、做游戏、发明一些新的活动。日子也并不那么难过。真的。那时我们确实过得挺开心。
generation n. all the people about the same age （一）代
gap n. an empty space between two things or two parts of a thing; a wide difference of opinion, character, or the like 缺口，间隙；分歧，隔阂 divorce n. end of a marriage by law 离婚
rate n. 率
mental a. of the mind 精神的；
思想上的
communicate vi.share or exchange opinions, ideas, etc. 交流意见，思想等
disturb vt. make (sb.) worried 使烦恼 emotional a. 感情的
pastime n. anything done to pass time pleasantly 消遣，娱乐
sunset n. the going down of the sun; the time when the sun goes down 日落（时分）
neighborhood n. the area around a point or place 邻近地区；地段
adult n. 成年人
typical a. 典型的
educator n. a person whose profession is education 教育家
barely ad. hardly 仅仅，勉强；几乎没有 literate a. able to read and write 能读写的；有文化的 product n. sth. made or grown 产品
network n. 广播（或电视）联播公司；广播（或电视)网
glance n. quick look 一瞥；扫视 radical a. extreme; very different 激进的 electronic a. 电子的
electron n. 电子
baby-sitter n. someone who looks after a child when the parents are away for a short time （代人临时）照看婴儿
childhood n. time when one is a child 童年 partly ad. not completely; in some degree 部分地；在一定程度上
involve vt. have as a part or result （必须）包括 imagination n. the ability to imagine 想象力 learning n. the gaining of knowledge or skill through studying; knowledge or skill gained through studying 学习；学问，知识
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invent vt. produce (sth.) for the first time 发明
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS generation gap failure of the younger and older generations to communicate and understand one another 代沟
in part in some degree; partly 在一定程度上；部分地
grow up change from a child to a man or a woman 成长，长大
bring together cause to meet 使相聚
come up with think of; produce 想出；提出
at first glance when first seen or thought about 乍一看；最初考虑时 have a ball (sl.) enjoy oneself, have a very good time 玩得开心 PROPER NAMES Mayer 迈耶（姓氏） the United States 美国
Jd105.mp3 Unit 5
A miserable and merry Christmas? How could it be?
A Miserable, Merry Christmas
Christmas was coming. I wanted a pony. To make sure that my parents understood, I declared that I wanted noting else.
\"Nothing but a pony?\" my father asked. \"Nothing,\" I said.
\"Not even a pair of high boots?\"
That was hard. I did want boots, but I stuck to the pony. \"No, not even boots.\"
\"Nor candy? There ought to be something to fill your stocking with, and Santa Claus can't put a pony into a stocking,\"
That was true, and he couldn't lead a pony down the chimney either. But no. \"All I want is a pony,\" I said. \"If I can't have a pony, give me nothing, nothing.\"
On Christmas Eve I hung up my stocking along with my sisters.
The next morning my sisters and I woke up at six. Then we raced downstairs to the fireplace. And there they were, the gifts, all sorts of wonderful things, mixed-up piles of presents. Only my stocking was empty; it hung limp; not a thing in it; and under and around it -- nothing. My sisters had knelt down, each by her pile of gifts; they were crying with delight, till they looked up and saw me standing there looking so miserable. They came over to me and felt my stocking: nothing.
I don't remember whether I cried at that moment, but my sisters did. They ran with me back to my bed, and
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there we all cried till I became indignant. That helped some. I got up, dressed, and driving my sisters away, I went out alone into the stable, and there, all by myself, I wept. My mother came out to me and she tried to comfort me. But I wanted no comfort. She left me and went on into the house with sharp
words for my father.
第五单元
又喜又悲的圣诞节是怎么
回事？
又喜又悲的圣诞节
圣诞节快到了。我想要一匹小马。为了让爸爸妈妈切实了解这一点，我特意宣布，别的我什么也不想要。
“除了小马什么也不要？”爸爸问。 “什么也不要。”我说。
“即使是一双高统靴也不要？” 这倒让我为难了。我的确想要双靴子，但我还是坚持只要小马。“不要，即使靴子也不要。”
“糖果也不想要？总该有些东西把你的长统袜子塞满吧，再说圣诞老人也没法把小马进袜子里去呀。”
这话不假，而且圣诞老人也没法牵着小马从烟囱里下来。但是不行。“我只要一匹小马，”我说。“得不到小马，就什么也别给我，别给我。”
圣诞节前夕，我把我的长统袜跟姐妹们的挂在一起。
第二天早晨，我和姐妹们六点就醒了。接着我们就冲下楼，来到壁炉前。嘿，礼物全放在那儿，各种各样的奇妙玩意儿，一堆一堆的礼物，混合交杂在一起。只有我的长统袜是空的，软绵绵地挂在那儿，里面空无一物，袜子下方和四周——什么也没有。我的姐妹们已经跪下，每个人都跪在自己那堆礼物旁边；她们高兴地叫呀嚷呀，直到抬起头见我站在那儿，一副可怜巴巴的样子才闭住口。她们走到我跟前，摸了摸我的袜子：什么也没有。
当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我的姐妹们确实是哭了。她们一起跟我跑回到我的床边，在那儿我们一块儿放声大哭，一直哭到我心里横生出一股怒气。这样一来，心里好受了些。我站起来，穿好衣服，把姐妹们统统从身边赶跑，独自走出屋子，来到马厩里，就我一个人守在那儿低声抽泣。母亲来到我身边，竭力想安慰我。但我根本不需要什么安慰。她离开我，一边大声数落着父亲一边向屋里走去。
My sisters came to me, and I was rude. I ran away from them. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached. I was wronged, I was hurt. And my father must have been hurt, too, a little. I saw him looking out of the window. He was watching me or something for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him, but I saw his face, and I think I can see now the anxiety upon on it, the worried impatience.
After an hour or two, I caught sight of a man riding a pony down the street, a pony and a brand-new saddle; the most beautiful saddle I ever saw, and it was a boy's saddle. And the pony! As he drew near, I saw that the pony was really a small horse, with a black mane and tail, and one white foot and a white star on his forehead. For such a horse as that I would have given anything. But the man came along, reading the numbers on the houses, and, as my hopes -- my impossible hopes -- rose, he looked at our door and passed by, he and the pony, and the saddle. Too much, I fell upon the steps and broke into tears. Suddenly I heard a voice.
\"Say, kid,\" it said, \"do you know a boy named Lennie Steffens?\"
I looked up. It was the man on the pony, back again \"Yes,\" I spluttered through my tears. \"That's me.\" \"Well,\" he said, \"then this is your horse. I've been looking all over for you and your house. Why don't you put your number where it can be seen?\"
\"Get down,\" I said, running out to him. I wanted to ride.
He went on saying something about \"ought to have got here at seven o'clock, but--\"
I hardly heard, I could scarcely wait. I was so happy,
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so thrilled. I rode off up the street. Such a beautiful pony. And mine! After a while I turned and trotted back to the stable. There was the family, father, mother, sisters, all working for me, all happy. They had been putting in place the tools of my new business: currycomb, brush, pitchfork -- everything, and there was hay in the loft.
姐妹们来到我跟前，但我对她们很粗鲁。我从她们身边跑开了。我绕到房子前面，坐在台阶上；哭过以后，我感到阵阵心酸。哭过以后，我感到阵阵心酸。我错了，我受伤了。父亲心里肯定也有点不好受。我看见他正从窗口朝外张望。有一两个钟头，他大概一直在留神我的动静；他只把窗帘掀开一点儿，生怕我发现他，但我还是看到他的脸。我觉得现在我还能看到他脸上的忧虑神情，那种担心而又焦急的神情。
一两个钟头后，我突然看见有人骑着一匹小马打街那头过来了——一匹小马，马背上还配着一副崭新的马鞍子，还有那匹小马！当那人走近里，我看到那可真是匹地地道道的小马，一身乌黑的鬃毛，一条乌黑的尾巴，有一只雪白的跗节，额上有一块白灿灿的星斑。要是能有这样一匹马，我愿意付出任何代价。
那人一路骑过来，挨家看着门牌号码，可就在我的希望——我的不可能实现的希望——在心里升起时，他却看了看我们家的大门走过去了——他，连同那匹小马和那副马鞍子。我再也受不了啦。我扑倒在台阶上，哇地失声痛哭起来。突然我听到一个说话的声音。
“喂，小弟弟，”那声音说。“你认识一个叫伦尼.斯蒂芬斯的小男孩吗？”
我抬起头。原来就是那个骑着小马的人，他又回来了。
“认识，”我流着眼泪，慌乱而兴奋地说。“就是我。”
“噢，”他说。“这么说这是你的马了。我到处在找你，找你们家的房子。你们干吗不把门牌挂在显眼的地方呢？”
“下来，”我一边说，一边向他奔去。我要骑马。 他还在往下说，说什么“本该七点钟就到这里，但是——
我差不多一句话也没听进去，我简直等不及了。我太高兴了，太激动了，我策马沿着大街往前跑。这么漂亮的一匹小马。而且是我的！过了一会儿，我掉转马头，催马小跑着返回马厩。全家人都在那儿了，爸爸、妈妈、姐妹们。他们都在为我张罗着，个个兴高采烈。他们把干我这一新行当所需要的用具——马梳子、刷子、干草叉——全部养马用具安放得井井有条，而且草料棚里还堆有干草。
But that Christmas, which my father had planned so carefully, was it the best or the worst I ever knew? He often asked me that; I never could answer as a boy. I
think now that it was both. It covered the whole distance from broken-hearted misery to bursting happiness -- too fast, a grown-up could hardly have stood it.
NEW WORDS miserable a. causing unhappiness; very unhappy 悲惨的
merry a. cheerful, full of lively happiness, fun, etc. 欢乐的，愉快的
pony n. a small horse 矮种马；小马 boot n. 长统靴 candy n. (AmE) sweets 糖果 sticking n. 长（统）袜 chimney n. 烟囱 eve n. 前夕 fireplace n. 壁炉
mixed-up a. (different things) put together 混合的，混杂的
limp a. soft; not stiff or firm 软的；松沓的 kneel v. go down or remain on the knee(S) 跪下 indignant a. angry at sth. unfair 气愤的；愤慨的 stable n. building for keeping and feeding animals, esp. horses 马厩
weep v. cry 哭泣；流泪
rude a. not at all polite 粗鲁的，不礼貌的 wrong vt. treat unjustly 委屈 curtain n. 窗帘
lest conj. for fear that 唯恐，以免
anxiety n. fear caused by uncertainty about sth. 焦虑 impatience n. inability to wait calmly 不耐烦，急躁
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patience n. 耐性；忍耐 brand n. 商标，牌子
brand-new a. entirely new and unused 崭新的
saddle n. 马鞍 mane n. 马鬃
forehead n. that part of the face above the eyes and below the hair 前额 kid n. child 小孩；小山羊
splutter v. speak quickly and confusedly (from excitement, etc.) 语无伦次地说
scarcely ad. hardly, almost not 几乎不，简直不
可是，我父亲如此精心安排的那个圣诞节，
是我一生中所经历的最好的一次还是最糟的一次圣诞节呢？他常常问我这
个问题。小时候我始终回答不上来。现在，
我觉得那个圣诞节既是最好的，又是最糟的。因为在这一天里，先是令人心碎的痛
苦，
继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端跳到另一个极端——变换得实在太快了。就是
一个成年人，恐怕也难以承受得了吧。 scarce a. 缺乏的，不足的，稀有的 thrill vt. excite greatly 使非常激动 trot vi. run or ride slowly, with short steps （马）小跑
currycomb n. a special comb used to rub and clean a horse 马梳 pitchfork n. 干草叉 hay n. dried grass 干草 loft n. a room over a stable, where hay is kept 草料棚
broken-hearted a. filled with grief; very sad 心碎的；极其伤心的 misery n. the state of being very unhappy, poor, ill, lonely, etc. 悲惨；不幸；苦难
happiness n. the state of being happy 快乐；幸福
grown-up a. & n. (of) an adult person 成人（的）
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
make sure act so as to make something certain 确保；查明
nothing but nothing other than; only 除了...以外没有什么；仅仅，只不过
stick to refuse to give up or change 坚持，不放弃 hang up fix (sth,) at a high place so that it does not touch the ground 挂起
or something (used when the speaker is not sure) 诸如此类
catch sight of see suddenly or for a moment 看到，发现
draw near mover near 接近
break into suddenly start (to cry, laugh, etc.) 突然...起来 in place in the right place 在适当的位置
Jd106.mp3 Unit 6
San set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his plans turned out not quite as he had expected.
Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer If you ask my mother how I happened to become an industrial engineer, she'll tell you that I have always been one.
She means that I have always wanted everything to be well organized and neat. When I was still in elementary school, I liked to keep my socks in the upper left-hand drawer of my bureau, my underwear in the upper right drawer, shirts in the middle drawer, and pants, neatly folded, in the bottom drawer.
In fact, I was the efficiency expert for the whole family. I used to organize my father's tools, my mother's kitchen utensils, my sister's boyfriends.
I needed to be efficient. I wanted to be well
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organized. For me, there was a place for everything and everything was always in its place. These qualities gave me a good foundation for a career in industrial engineering.
Unfortunately, I was also a bit bossy and I wasn't a very good listener. You'll see what I mean when I tell you about the first project I ever did after I finished my bachelor's degree at the university.
PROPER NAMES
Santa Claus 圣诞老人
Christmas Eve 圣诞前夜
Lennie Steffens 伦尼.斯蒂芬斯
第六单元
萨姆开始首手提高衬衫厂的效率，但根据我们在本单元中所发现的，他的计划与他所期待的并不一样。
工业管理工程师萨姆·亚当斯
如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。
她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在中间的抽屉里，叠得整整齐齐的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。
事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率
专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。
我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。
遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。
After graduation I returned home to my small town in Indiana. I didn't have a job yet. Mr. Hobbs, a friend of my father's, owned a small shirt factory in town. Within the past five years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers. Mr. Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big and inefficient, so he asked me to come in on a short-term basis as a consultant.
I went to the plant and spent about a week looking around and making notes. I was really amazed at what I saw.
Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever. No one inspected the final product of the factory. As a result some of the shirts that were put in boxes for shipment were missing one or two buttons, the collar, even a sleeve sometimes!
The working conditions were poor. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable. Except for a half hour at lunchtime, there were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. There was no music. The walls of the workrooms were a dull gray color. I was amazed that the workers hadn't gone on strike.
Furthermore, the work flow was irregular. There was one especially absent-minded young man in the assembly line who sewed on buttons. After a while I recognized him as \"Big Jim,\" who used to sit behind me in math class in high school. He was very slow and all the shifts were held up at his position. Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of
17
time and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. All week I wondered why he wasn't fired. After I made observations for a week, Mr. Hobbs asked me for an oral report of my findings. I covered my major points by telling him the following: \"If you have a quality control inspection, you will greatly improve your finished product.\"
\"If the assembly line is redesigned, a smooth work flow can be achieved and time and energy can be saved.\"
毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问
我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。
最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。
工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃午饭的半小时外，全天没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。
此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在我后面的“大个子吉姆”。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后
面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在“大个子吉姆”边工作边胡思乱想的时候，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。
我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：
“如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。 “如果把装配线重新设计一下，生产流程就会达到平稳，并能节省时间和精力。
\"If you decrease the height of the worktables, the machine operators will work more comfortably.\"
\"If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting, the factory will be much more productive.\"
\"If the workers have a fifteen-minute coffee break in the morning and afternoon, they will be more efficient.\" \"If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater incentive to produce.\"
Mr. Hobbs thanked me for this report and told me he would talk over my suggestions with his brother, the co-owner and manager of the factory. \"We're interested in progress here,\" he said. \"We want to keep up with the times.\"
He also gave me a check for $ 100 and a box of shirts with his compliments.
NEW WORDS
efficiency n. the state or quality of being efficient 效率
industrial a. of industry 工业的
neat a. orderly and clean 整洁的
elementary a. of or for beginners 初等的，初级的 sock n. 短袜 drawer n. 抽屉
bureau n. a chest of drawers for bedroom use 衣柜
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underwear n. 内衣 pants n. trousers
expert n. a person with special knowledge or skill 专家，能手 kitchen n. room used for cooking 厨房
utensil n. any tool or container used in the house, esp. for cooking 用具，器皿
quality n. the degree of
goodness which a thing or a person possesses 质量；品质
foundation n. 基础
career n. profession; way of making a living职业；生涯 engineering n. 工程学；管理 “如果降低工作台的高度，机器操作工作业时就会舒服一些。
“如果厂方播放悦耳的背景音乐，美化一下单调的环境，工厂的生产率就可以大大提高。
“如果工人们在上、下午各有一次十五分钟的休息时间喝咖啡，他们的效率就会更高。
“如果工作出色能经常得到加薪提级，工人们就会有更大的生产积极性。”
霍布斯先生对我的汇报表示感谢，并告诉我说他将和他的兄弟――该厂的另一位厂主兼经理――讨论我的建议。“我们关心工厂的发展，”他说。“我们要跟上时代的步伐。”
他还送给我一张一百美元的支票并赠送给我一盒衬衫。
unfortunately ad. 不幸的是；遗憾的是
bossy a. always telling other people what to do and how to do it, like a boss
爱指挥人的；专横的
project n. a piece of work; a big
plan 项目；方案
bachelor n. a person who had the first university degree 学士
graduation n. completion of an educational course 毕业
graduate vi. 毕业
short-term a. involving or lasting a short period of time 短期的
basis n. 基础；根据
consultant n. a person who gives professional or technical advice 顾问 consult v. 顾问
amaze vt. fill with great surprise or wonder 使大为惊讶，使惊愕
curious a. strange 奇怪的
whatsoever a. of any kind, at all 任何的，丝毫的 inspect vt. examine 检查
shipment n. the act of wending, carrying or delivering goods 装运。运送 miss vt. be without; lack button n. 钮扣 collar n. 领子 sleeve n. 袖子
relieve vt. make less or easier 减轻
boring a. uninteresting and tiresome 令人厌烦的 workroom n. a room specially kept for working in 工场（间）
dull a. not bright or clear 阴暗的
flow n. a smooth steady movement or supply 流（动） work flow a. 工作流程
irregular a. uneven; not continuous 不规则的，不稳定的
regular a.规则的，稳定的
absent-minded a. so concerned with one's thoughts as not to notice what is happening, what one doing, etc. 心不在焉
absent a. not present 不在的，缺席的 inspection n. the act of examining (sth.) closely or in detail 检查
assembly n. 组装；集会 assemble v. 组装；集会 assembly line n. 装配线
shift n. 班；轮班
daydream v. have pleasant dreamlike thoughts
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(about) 做白日梦，空想
fire vt. make (sb.) leave his job 解雇observation n. the act of watching carefully 观察 observe vt. 观察 observe n. 观察
oral a. spoken, not
written 口（头）的
findings n. the results of any research or enquiry 调查（或研究）的结果
major a. important 较大的；主要的
redesign vt. 重新设计 design vt. 设计
achieve vt. get by effort （经努力）得到；实现
decrease vt. make smaller or fewer 减少
worktable n. a table at which work is done 工作台
operator n. a person who makes sth. work 操作人员
operate vt. 操作 management n. 资方；管理（部门）background n. 背景
beautify vt. make beautiful 美化，装饰 setting n. surroundings 环境 productive a. producing much; able to produce 多产的；富有成效的 frequent a. happening often 频繁的 promotion n. 提升；促进 promote vt. 提升；促进，提拔 incentive n. 刺激
suggestion n. an idea or plan put forward for people to think about 建议 co-owner n. a joint owner 共同所有者 manager n. a person responsible for running a section of a business 经理 compliments n. formal respects or greetings；贺词；问候 PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
find out learn or discover 查明；发现
turn out happen to be or found be in the end 结果是 told me, \"he comes here almost every quality control the activity of checking that products are all of satisfactory standard and quality, usu. by testing samples of them 质量控制（管理）
as a result because of 作这结果，因此
except for apart from; with the exception of 除了...外
go on strike refuse go continue working 罢工 hold up delay 延迟，耽搁；阻碍
result in have as a result; cause 结果是；导致 talk over discuss 商量；讨论
keep up with go or move as fast as 跟上
PEOPER NAMES San Adams 萨姆.亚当斯
Indiana 印第安纳（美国州名）
Jd107.mp3 Unit 7
The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse
than before.
The Sampler
In a certain store where they sell puddings, a number of these delicious things are laid out in a row during the Christmas season. Here you may select the one which is most to your taste, and you are even allowed to sample them before coming to a decision.
I have often wondered whether some people, who had no intention of making a purchase, would take advantage of this privilege. One day I asked this question of the shop girl, and I learned it was indeed the case. \"Now there's one old gentleman, for instance,\" she
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week and samples each one of the puddings, though he never buys anything, and I suspect he never will. I remember him from last year before that, too. Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it. And what's more, I hope there are a lot more stores where he can go and get his share. He looks as if he needed it all right, and I suppose they can afford it.\"
She was still speaking when an
elderly gentleman limped up to the counter and began looking closely at the row of puddings with great interest.
Hobbs 霍布斯（姓氏）
第七单元
圣诞布丁品尝师
有一家出售布丁的商店，每年圣诞节期间都把许多这类美味的食品摆成一排供顾客选购。在这里你可以挑选最合你口味的布丁，甚至商店还允许你先把各色布丁品尝一番，然后再做出决定。
我常常纳闷，会不会有一些根本无意购买的人利用这一优惠趁机揩油。有一
天，我向女店员提出了这一问题，从她那儿得知事情果真如此。
“比如说吧，有这样一位老先生，”她告诉我。“他差不多每个星期都要到这儿来，每只布丁他都要尝一尝，尽管他从来不买什么东西，而且我猜他永远也不会买。我从去年，甚至前年就记住他了。唉，要是他想品尝就让他来吧，欢迎他来品尝。而且，我希望有更多的商店可以让他去品尝。他看上去似乎确实有这种需要，我想这点小意思他们是不在乎的。” 就在她讲这话的时候，一位上了年纪的先生一瘸一拐地走到了柜台前，开始对着那排布丁兴致勃勃地仔细看了起来。
\"Why, that's the very gentleman I've been telling you about,\" whispered the shop girl.\" Just watch him now.\" And then turning to him:\" Would you like to sample them, sir? Here's spoon for you to use.\"
The elderly gentleman, who was poorly but neatly dressed, accepted the spoon and began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings, only braking off occasionally to wipe his red eyes with a large torn handkerchief.
\"This is quite good.\"
\"This is not bad either, but a little too heavy.\" All the time it was quite evident that he sincerely believed that he might eventually buy one of these puddings, and I am positive that he did not for a moment feel that he was in any way cheating the store. Poor old chap! Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all that was left him from the time when he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding. Amidst the crowd of happy, prosperous looking Christmas shoppers, the little black figure of the old man seemed pitiful and out of place, and in a burst of
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benevolence, I went up to him and said: \"Pardon me, sir, will you do me a favor? Let me purchase you one of these puddings. It would give me such pleasure.\"
He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.
\"Excuse me,\" he said, with more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance, \"I do not believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. Undoubtedly you have mistaken me for someone else.\" And with a quick decision he turned to the shop girl and said in a loud voice, \"Kindly pack me up this one here. I will take it with me.\" He pointed at one of the largest and most expensive of the puddings.
“喏，这就是我刚刚对你说起的那位先生，”女店员轻声对我说。“现在你就看着他好了。”接看她就转过身去对老人说道：“先生，您想尝尝这些布丁吗? 您可以用这把调羹。”
位老先生衣着虽然破旧，但却十分整洁。他接过调羹，便开始急切地一只接一只地品尝起来，只是偶尔停下来，用一块大的破手绢擦擦他的红眼睛。
“这种很好。”
“这种也不错，可是稍微腻了一点。” 有一点自始至终很明显：他真诚地相信自己最终也许会买其中一种布丁；而我也确信，他一点也不觉得自己是在欺骗商店。可怜的老头儿!很可能他已经家道败
落。从前他是有钱来选购他最喜爱的布丁的，而今却只能这样来品尝一下布丁的味道了。
为圣诞节忙看采购商品的顾客个个喜形于色，看上去都很富裕。老人矮小的黑色身影在这群人中间显得很可怜，很不相称。我突然动了恻隐之心，走到他跟前说： “请原谅，先生，能赏我个脸吗? 让我为您买只布丁吧。如果您肯收下，我将不胜欣慰。”
他往后一跳，仿佛被什么东西蛰了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。
“对不起，”他说，其神态之高傲，远非我根据其外表所能想象得出，“我想我跟您并不相识。无疑您是认错人了。”于是他当机立断，转向女店员，大声说道：“劳驾把这只替我包一下,我要带走。”他指了指最大的也是最贵的一只布丁。
The girl took down the pudding from its stand and started to make a parcel of it, while he pulled out a worn little black pocketbook and began counting out shillings and pennies on to the counter. To save his \"honour\" he had been forced into a purchase which he could not possibly afford. How I longed for the power to unsay my tactless words! It was too late though, and I felt that the kindest thing I could do now would be walk away. You pay at the desk,\" the shop girl was telling him, but he did not seem to understand and kept trying to put the coins into her hand. And that was the last I saw or the old man. Now he can never go there to sample pudding any more.
NEW WORDS
author n. the writer of a book, article, play, poem, etc. 作者
intention n. purpose 目的；意图
sampler n. one who finds out the quality of sth. by testing a part of it 品尝家
pudding n. 布丁（西餐中一种松软的甜点心）
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delicious a. tasting or smelling pleasant 美味的，可口的
select vt. choose from a group 挑选
selection n. 挑选；选集；精选品 sample vt. test a part of 品尝 purchase n. buying vt. buy advantage n. sth. useful or helpful 利益，好处；优点
privilege n. special right given to a person 特权
instance n. example, case 例子，实例
suspect vt. feel doubt about; guess or suppose 怀疑；猜测 suspicion n. 怀疑；猜测
afford vt. have the money for 担负得起
elderly a. near old age 上了年纪的
limp n. walk with an uneven step 跛行
counter n. 柜台 spoon n. 调羹
\"女店员从架子上取下那只布丁，动手包扎。这时，他掏出一只破旧的黑色小皮夹子，开始一个先令一个便士地数着硬币，把它们放在柜台上。为了保住“面子”，他被迫买下了他实在买不起的东西。我多么希望能收回我那些不得体的话啊!然而为时已晚，我感到此时唯有走开才是最积德的事。
“请您到那边帐台上去付款，”女店员告诉他，但他却好像没有听懂，只管把硬币往她手里塞。打这以后我再也没有看到这位老人，也没有听到过有关他的情况。现在他再也不会到那家商店去品尝布丁了。
eagerly ad. with strong interest or impatient desire 热切地，急切地
occasionally ad. now and then; at times 偶尔；间to one's taste in a way that one likes 合...口味，中...的意
或
occasional a. 偶然的；非经常的；特殊场合的；临时的
heavy a.(of food, etc.)too rich to digest easily（食物等）太油腻而不易消化
evident a. plain and clear (to the eye or mind) 明显的，明白的
sincerely ad. honestly 诚恳地 eventually ad. in the end 终于，最终 positive a. sure, certain 有把握的，确信的 cheat vt. deceive 欺骗
chap n. man; boy; fellow 男人；小伙子；家伙 amidst prep. in the middle of; among 在...中间 crowd n. 人群
prosperous a. rich; successful 富裕的；成功的；昌盛的
prosperity n. 繁荣
figure n. 外形，伦廓；体形
pitiful a. making one feel pity 可怜的 benevolence n. the desire to do good 仁慈 sting vt. prick or hurt 刺，螫
wrinkle v. (cause to) form into lines （使）起皱纹 dignity n. calm and serious manner or style 尊严 appearance n. that which can be seen; look 外表 pack vt. put (things) into boxes, cases, etc. 把（东西）打包（或装箱）
stand n. （货）架；（货摊）
worn a. damaged by use or wear 破烂的，损坏的 pocketbook a. a wallet for money and personal papers 皮夹
shilling n. 先令
long vi. wish earnestly 渴望
unsay vt. take back (sth. that has been said) 收回（说过的话）
tactless a. 不策略的
coin n. metal money 硬币 PHEASES & EXPRESSIONS lay out spread out 陈列
in a row side by side in a neat line 成一长行
23
Jd108.mp3 Unit 8
A
young
boy
faces
the
impossible task of trying to soften the blow of tragic mews.
You Go Your Way, I'll Go Mine
The messenger got off his bicycle in front of the house of Mrs. Rosa Sandoval. He went to the door and knocked gently. He knew almost immediately that someone was inside the house. He could not hear anything, but he was sure the knock was bringing someone to the door and he was most eager to see who this person would be -- his woman named Rosa Sandoval who was now to heat of murder in the world and to feel it in herself. The door was not a long time opening, but there was no hurry in the way it moved on its hinges. The movement of the door was as if, whoever she was, she and nothing in the world to fear. Then the door was open, and there she was. take advantage of use (sth.) for one's own benefit 利用
for instance for example
and what's more also, and more importantly 而且，更重要的是
all right certainly; beyond doubt 确实，无疑地
break off pause 中止，中断
come down (in the world) become poor; lose social position 落泊，潦倒；失势
out of place improper (for one's surroundings) 不适当的；不相称的
do sb. a favo(u)r do sth. kind to sb. 给某人以恩惠；帮某人忙
mistake...for think wrongly that (sth. or sb.) is (sth. or sb. else) 把...错认为
pull out take out 抽出，取出
count out count (things) one by one 逐一数出 long for wish very much for 渴望
第八单元
爱 莫 能 助
送电报的在罗莎?桑多瓦尔太太的房子前面下了自行车。他走到门前，轻轻敲了敲门。他几乎立即就觉察到房子里面有人。他听不到什么动静，但他肯定敲门声正在把一个人召唤到门口来，他很急切地想看看来者是什么人――这个就要听到人世间的残杀并将在内心感受到其痛苦的名叫罗莎?桑多瓦尔的妇人。不一会儿，门开了，但门在绞链上转动时慢慢悠悠，不慌不忙，门的转动似乎表明，不管来开门的是什么人，她在世界上没有什么可以怕的事情。接着门全部打开了，而她就站在那儿。
To Homer the Mexican woman was beautiful. He could see that she had been patient all her life, so that now, after years of it, her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile. But like all people who never receive telegrams the appearance of a messenger at the front door is full of terrible implication. Homer knew that Mrs. Rosa Sandoval was shocked to see him. Her first word was the first word of all surprise. She said \"Oh,\" as if instead of a messenger she had thought of opening the door to someone she had know a long time and would be pleased to sit down with. Before she spoke again she studied Homer's eyes and Homer Knew that she knew the message was not a welcome one.
“You have a telegram?\" she said.
It wasn't Homer's fault. His work was to deliver telegrams. Even so, it seemed to him that he was part of the whole mistake. He felt awkward and almost as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. At the
24
same time he wanted to come right out and say, \"I'm only a messenger, Mrs. Sandoval, I'm very sorry I must bring you a telegram like this, but it is only because it is my work to do so.\" \"Who is it for?\" the Mexican woman said.
\"Mrs. Rosa Sandoval, 1129 G Street.\" Homer said. He extended the telegram to the Mexican woman, but she would not touch it.
\"Are you Mrs. Sandoval?\" Homer said.
\"Please,\" the woman said. \"Please come in. I cannot read English. I am Mexican. I read only La Prensa which comes from Mexico City.\" She paused a moment and looked at the boy standing awkwardly as near the door as he could be and still be inside the house. \"Please,\" she said, \"what does the telegram say?\"
\"Mrs. Sandoval,\" the messenger said, \"the telegram says --\"
But now the woman interrupted him. \"But you must open the telegram and read it to me,\" she said. \"You have not opened it.\"
在霍默看来，这位墨西哥妇人是很美的。他看得出，她一生都很有耐心，经过多年的忍耐以后，现在她的嘴边总挂着一丝温柔、圣洁的微笑。但是正像所有从来未收到过电报的人一样，送电报的人出现在门前，她便预感到凶多吉少。霍默知道，罗莎?桑多瓦尔太太看到他大吃了一惊。她说的第一个字就是人们在极度惊恐时首先出口的那个字。她“哦”了一声，仿佛她原以为开门迎接的不该是一个送电报
的，而应该是她相识已久并愿与之促膝交谈的某个人。在她再次开口之前，她仔细观察了霍默的眼神。霍默知道，她已经明白这份电报是份不受欢迎的电报。
“有电报?”她问。
这不是霍默的过错。他的工作就是送电报。即使这样，他还是觉得自己似乎也是整个错误的一部分。他感到很尴尬，仿佛惟独他要对发生的一切负责。同时，他想直截了当地说：“我只是个送电报的，桑多瓦尔太太。我很抱歉一定要把这样一份电报给你送来，但这只是因为我的工作就是送电报的。”
“谁的电报?”墨西哥妇人问。
“G街1129号罗莎?桑多瓦尔太太的，”霍默说。他把电报递给墨西哥妇人，可她不肯接。
“您是桑多瓦尔太太吗?”霍默问。
“请进，”妇人说。“请进来。我不懂英文。我是墨西哥人。我只看从墨西哥城来的《新闻报》。”她停了一会儿，看了看那个男孩，只见他尽量靠近门口站，但仍让自己立在房内，样子很尴尬。
“请问，”她说，“电报上说些什么?”
“桑多瓦尔太太，”送电报的说，“电报上说――” 但这时妇人打断了他的话。“但是你得拆开电报，念给我听，
”她说。“你还没有拆开呢。”
\"Yes, ma'am,\" Homer said as if he were speaking to a school teacher who had just corrected him.
He opened the telegram with nervous fingers. The Mexican woman stooped to pick up the torn envelope, and tried to smooth it out. As she did so she said, \"Who sent the telegram -- my son Juan Domingo?\"
\"No, ma'am.\" Homer said. \"The telegram is from the War Department.\"
\"War Department?\" the Mexican woman said.
\"Mrs. Sandoval,\" Homer said swiftly, \"your son is dead. Maybe it's a mistake, Everybody makes a mistake, Mrs. Sandoval. Maybe it wasn't your son. Maybe it was somebody else. The telegram says it was Juan Domingo. But maybe the telegram is wrong,\"
25
The Mexican woman pretended not to hear.
\"Oh, do not be afraid,\" she said. \"Come inside. Come inside. I will bring you candy.\" She took the boy's arm and brought him to the table at the center of the room and there she made him sit. \"All boys like candy,\" she said. \"I will bring you candy.\" She went into another room and soon returned with an old chocolate candy box. She opened the box at the table and in it Homer saw a strange kind of candy.
\"Here,\" she said. \"Eat this candy. All boys like candy.\"
Homer took a piece of the candy from the box, put it into his mouth, and tried to chew.
\"You would not bring me a bad telegram,\" she said. \"You are a good boy -- like my little Juanito when he was a little boy. Eat another piece.\" And she made the messenger take another piece of the candy.
Homer sat chewing the dry candy while the Mexican woman talked. \"It is our own candy,\" she said, \"from cactus. I made it for my Juanito when he come home, but you eat it. You are my boy, too.\"
“是的，太太，”霍默说，好像他是在对一位刚刚纠正了他的错误的老师讲话一样。
他用颤抖的手指拆开电报。墨西哥妇人弯腰捡起撕破的信封，想把它弄平整。
她一边弄一边说，“是谁发来的电报――是我儿子胡安?多明戈吗?”
“不是，太太，”霍默说。“电报是陆军部发来的。” “陆军部?”墨西哥妇人说。
“桑多瓦尔太大，”霍默很快地说，“您的儿子死了。这也许是弄错了。谁都会出差错的，桑多瓦尔太大。也许不是您的儿子。也许是另一个人。电报上说是胡安?多明戈，不过也许是电报上错了。”
墨西哥妇人假装没听见。
“哦，不要怕，”她说。“到里边来。到里边来。我去给你拿糖。”她拉着男孩的胳膊，把他带到屋子中间的桌子旁边，让他坐下。
“男孩子都喜欢吃糖，”她说。“我去给你拿糖。”她走进另外一间屋子，很快就拿着一个旧的巧克力糖盒子回来了。她在桌子上打开糖盆子，霍默看见里面有一种奇怪的糖。 “喏，”她说。“吃吃这种糖。男孩子都喜欢吃糖。” 霍默从盒子里拿了一块，放进嘴里，使劲咀嚼起来。 “你不会给我送来不吉利的电报的，”她说。“你是个好孩子?就像我的小胡安尼特小时候那样。再吃一块。”她让送电报的又拿了一块糖。
霍默坐在那儿一边嚼着干糖，一边听着墨西哥妇人讲话。“这是我们自己做的糖，”她说，“用仙人球做的。我做这些糖是等我的胡安尼特回家来吃的，不过你吃吧，你也是我的孩子。”
Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace. Homer wanted to get up and run, but he knew he would stay. He even thought he might stay the rest of his life. He just didn't know what else to do to try to make the woman less unhappy, and if she had asked him to take the place of her son, he would not have been able to refuse, because he would not have known how. He got to his feet, as if by standing he meant to begin correcting what could not be corrected and then he knew the foolishness of this intention and became more awkward than ever. In his heart he was saying over and over again, \"What can I do? What the hell can I do? I'm only the messenger.\"
26
NEW WORDS
soften v. (cause to) become
soft(er) or gentle （使）软化；（使）温和
tragic a. very sad, unfortunate; of or related to tragedy 悲惨的；悲剧的
messenger
n.
a
person
employed to deliver telegrams, letters or parcels 送信人，电报投递员 gently ad. softly 轻轻地 immediately a. at once 立即，马上
immediate a. 立即的，直接的，紧接的
eager a. marked by strong interest or impatient desire 热切的，渴望的
hinge n. 铰链
whoever pron. no matter who 无论谁，不管谁
saintly a. like a saint; very holy 像圣徒一样的；圣洁的 implication n. 含义
imply vt. 暗示，意味
shock vt. cause unpleasant or angry surprise to (sb.) 使（某人）震惊 deliver vt. take (sth.) to the place where it esp. sth. bad 交付，递送
awkward
a. uncomfortable 尴尬的
responsible a. having done or been the cause of esp. sth. bad（应）负责 Mexican n & a. 墨西哥人；墨西哥（人）的
extend vt. hold out 伸出
这时她突然抽噎起来，同时又尽量克制着自己，仿佛哭泣是件丢脸的事。霍默想站起来跑掉，但他知道他会留下的。他甚至想到自己也许会一辈子留下不走了。他简直不知道还有什么别的办法可以减轻这位妇人的痛苦。如果她当
时要求他代替她的儿子，他也许没法拒绝，因为他不知道该怎样拒绝。他站了起来，好像以此来表明他准备去挽回那无法挽回的事似的。接着他意识到自己的打算愚蠢可笑，变得更加尴尬了。 他在心里一遍又一遍地说着：“我有什么办法?我能有什么办法呢?我只不过是个送电报的呀。”
pause vi. stop for a short time 暂停，中止 interrupt vt. stop (sb. speaking) by breaking in 打断（某人讲话）
nervous a. 神经质的；紧张的
ma'am madam (used in direct address) 夫人，太太，小姐
smooth vt. make smooth or smoother 把...弄平 department n. 部门；系
swiftly ad. rapidly, quickly 快速地；敏捷地 swift a. 快速的；敏捷的
chocolate n. 巧克力（糖）
chew vt. crush (food) with the teeth 咀嚼 cactus n. 仙人掌
sob vi. cry with short, quick breaths 啜泣；呜咽
disgrace n. shame 耻辱；丢脸的人（或事） unhappy a. not happy hell n. 地狱 PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
hear of e knowledge of or receive information about 听到，听说
be responsible for be the cause of 应对...负责的 come out (with) speak out 大声地说，清楚地说 smooth out make smooth(er) 消除，使平滑 hold oneself in control one's feelings 控制某人的感情take the place of act or be used instead of, replace 代替，取代
get to one's feel stand up 站起来
over and over again very often, repeatedly 反复地，再三地
Jd109.mp3 Unit 9
27
Throughout the ages
different ideas have been expressed about the working of the human brain. It is only recently, however, that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works.
The Brain
The Most Powerful Computer in
the Universe
Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body -- the brain.
In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the centre of mental activity. Aristotle the philosopher of ancient Greece thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18th century that man realised that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind.
During the 19th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do certain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain controlled a different activity. But modern research has found that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly
what each part of the brain does.
PROPER NAMES
Rosa Sandoval 罗莎.桑多瓦尔 Homer 霍默
Mexico City 墨西哥城（墨西哥首都） Juan Domingo 胡安 多明哥
the War Department （美国）陆军部（旧称） Juanito 胡安尼特（Juan的昵称）
第九
单元
各个时代以来，人们对人脑的活动已经发表了各种不同的看法。然而，只是到了近代，科学
才开始使我们正确了解到人脑真正的活动方式。
人 脑
人类对于其身体中最有功效的，最为复杂的部位——人脑，仍有很多需要了解的东西。
在古代，人们并不认为人脑是智力活动的中心。古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为思想寓于心脏这中。直到18世纪人类才认识到，整个人脑都卷入了思想活动。
在19世纪，科学家们发现，当人脑的某些部位受到损伤时，人们便失去了做某些事情的能力。于是，人们便认为，人脑的每一个部位都控制着一种不同的活动。但是现代的研究已经发现，事实并非如此。要确切地说出脑子的每一个部位起什么作用并不是一件容易的事情。
In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated that they had thought. In fact many people believe that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how the human brain
28
works. The more scientists find out, the more questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the brain every
second. Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos. Some recent research also suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. We may not be able to recall this information, but it is all stored in our brains.
Scientists hope that if we can
discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to. For example, how do we learn language? Man differs most from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use
language but we still do not know exactly how this is dine. Some children learn to speak and read and write when they are very young compared to average children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying
to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.
在过去50年中，对人脑所做的研究在数量上有了很大增长。化学家和生物学家已经发现，人脑的活动方式比他们原告所想的远为复杂。实际上，很多人相信，对于人脑活动的真相，我们只是现在才真正开始有所了解。科学家们发现的越多，他们无法回答的问题也就越多。例如，化学家们发现，在人脑中每秒要发生十万次以上的化学反应。试图利用计算机来复制人脑活动方式的数学家们发现，即使动用最先进的电子设备，他们也需要建造一台重一万公斤以上的计算机才行。某项新近的研究还表明，我们能够记住所有我们经历过的事情。我们也许不能回忆起这些信息，但它们却都贮存在我们的大脑里。
科学家们希望，如果我们能够发现人脑是怎样活动的，我们将能够更好地运用它。例如，我们是怎样学习语言的呢？人跟其他动物的最大区别就在于人能够学习并使用语言，跟一般的孩子相比，有些孩子很小就学会了说、读、写。但科学家们对于这种事情发生的原因却不太清楚。他们正在试图查明，在我们教孩子们学习语言的方法中是不是有什么东西实际上却妨碍了他们学得更快些。
Earlier scientists thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain decreased. But it is now thought that this is not so. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. It has been found that an old person who has always been mentally active has a quicker
29
mind than a young person who has done only physical work. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.
Other people now believe that we use only 1% of our brains' full potential. They say that the only limit on the power of the brain is the limit of what we think is possible. This is probably because of the way we are taught as children. When we first start learning to use our minds we are told what to do, for example, to remember certain facts, but we are not taught how our memory works and how to make that best use of it. We are told to make noted hut we are not taught how our brains accept information and which is the best way to organise the information we want our brains to accept.
This century man has made many discoveries about the universe -- the world outside himself. But he has also started to look into the workings of that other universe which is inside himself -- the human brain.
NEW WORDS
computer n. machine that stores information and works out answers 计算机
universe n. 宇宙 complex
a.
difficult
to
understand or explain 错综复杂的，难
懂的
ancient a. in or of times long ago 古代的；古老的 philosopher n. 哲学家 philosophy n. 哲学 ability n. 能力
早些时候的科学家们认为，在人的一生中，大脑的机能会逐渐减弱。但现在人们认为，情况并非如此。只要脑子得到充分运用，它就会保持其机能。人们发现，一个智力上一直活跃的老人，他的头脑比一个只干体力活的年轻人更敏捷。现在人们认为，我们让大脑工作得越多，它就能干更多的工作。
还有一些人现在相信，我们只利用了大脑全部潜在能力的百分之一。他们说，人脑机能的唯一限度是我们认为能办到哪些事情的限度。这很可能是我们小时候受教育的方式所造成的。当我们最初开始学着运用我们的头脑时，我们便被告知该做些什么，例如，该记住某些事实；但是却没有人告诉我们，我们的记忆怎样动作以及怎样才能最好地运用它。别人叫我们记笔记，但却不告诉我们，我们的脑子是怎样接受信息的，什么是对我们希望自己的大脑接受的信息加以条理化的最好方法。
本世纪人类已经对于宇宙，有了很多发现，——人体外部的世界，但是人类也已经开始研究其自身内部的另外一个宇宙的活动了，这另外一个宇宙就是人脑。
involve vt. cause to become connected or concerned 使卷入
working n. (usu. pl.) operation; action 运转，运行，活动
exactly ad.with complete connected or concerned 确切地；精确地
amount n. 数量，数额
chemist n. one who studies and understands chemistry 化学家
biologist n. one who studies the life of animals and plants 生物学家
biology n. 生物学
complicated n. difficult to understand, complex 难懂的；复杂的
chemical a. of chemistry
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unable a. not able reaction n. 反应
mathematician n. one who studies and understands mathematics 数学家 equip n. 设备，装置
kilo = kilogram 公斤，千克
recent a. done or made not long ago 近来的
recall vt. remember 记得；回忆起
differ vi. be different (from) mentally ad. 智力上，脑力上 physical a. of the body; of matter; of the science of physics 身体的；物质的；物理学的 potential n. 潜力 limit n. 局限，限度
Jd110.mp3 Unit 10
I first heard this story a few years ago from a girl I had met in New York's Greenwich Village. Probably the story is one of those mysterious bits of folklore that reappear every few year, to be told anew in one form or another. However, I still like to think that it really did happen, somewhere, sometime.
Going Home
They were going to Fort Lauderdale -- three boys and three girls -- and when they boarded the bus,
they were carrying sandwiches and wine in paper bags, dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the gray, cold spring of Now York vanished behind them.
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
put...to (good) use use (in a profitable) （好好）利用differ from be dissimilar to 与...不同 compared to / with in comparison with 与...相比 make notes take notes 记笔记 look into examine 调查，观察 PROPER NAMES
Aristotle 亚里士多德 Greece 希腊
第十单元
我是在几年前，从在纽约格林威治村碰到的一个女孩子那里第一次听到这个故事的。这故事很可能是那些每隔几年就会重新出现，以一种新的说法再被讲述一遍的神秘的民间传说中的一个。然而，我依然愿意相信这故事确实曾在某个
地方、某个时间发生过。
回 家
他们要去洛德代尔堡——三个男孩子和三个女孩子。他们上了公共汽车，用纸袋带着夹心面包和葡萄酒。当纽约灰暗寒冷的春天在他们身后消失时，他们正梦想着金色的海滩和大海的潮水。
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As the bus passed through New Jersey, they began to notice Vingo. He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age. He kept chewing the inside of his lip a lot, frozen into complete silence.
Deep into the night, outside Washington, the bus pulled into Howard Johnson's, and everybody got off except Vingo. He sat rooted in his seat, and the young people began to wonder about him, trying to imagine his life: perhaps
he was a sea captain, a runaway from his wife, an old soldier going home. When they went back to the bus, one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself.
\"We're going to Florida,\" she said
brightly. \"I hear it's really beautiful.\" \"It is,\" he said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget.
\"Want some wine?\" she said. He smiled and took a swig from the bottle. He thanked her and retreated again into his silence. After a while, she went back to the others, and Vingo nodded in sleep.
In the morning, they awoke outside another Howard Johnson's, and this time Vingo went in. The girl insisted that
he join them. He seemed very shy, and
ordered black coffee and smoked nervously as the young people chattered about sleeping on beaches. When they returned to the bus, the girl sat with Vingo again, and after a while, slowly and painfully, he began go tell his story. He had been in jail in New York for the past four years, and now he was going home. \"Are you married?\" \"I don't know.\"
\"You don't know?\" she said.
公共汽车驶过新泽西时，他们开始注意到了文戈。他坐在他们前面，穿着一套不合身的便服，一动也不动。他风尘满面，让人看不出他有多大岁数。他不停地咬着嘴唇内侧，默默无言。
深夜，公共汽车驶入华盛顿郊外，停进了霍华德·约翰逊餐馆。所有人都下了车，只有文戈除外。他像生了根似地坐在座位上，几个年轻人开始诧异起来，试图想象出他的身世：他或许是位船长，或是一个抛下妻子离家出走的人，再不就是一个解甲归田的老兵。当他们回到车上时，一个女孩子便坐在他身边，作了自我介绍。
“我们要到佛罗里达去，”她兴高采烈地说。“听说那儿的确很美。”
“是的。”他轻声说道，仿佛想起了一直起忘却的什么事情。
“想喝点酒吗?”她问。他微微一笑，就着瓶子喝了一大口。他谢了谢她，又缩回去一声不响了。过了一会儿 ，她回到自己一伙人身边，而文戈则打着盹睡着了。
第二天早上，他们醒来，车已停在另一家霍华德〃约翰逊餐馆外面。这一次文戈进去了。那女孩一定要他跟他们坐在一起。他好像很害羞，要了杯不加牛奶的清咖啡，在年轻人喋喋不休地谈论着露宿沙滩的乐趣时，他却紧张不安。回到车上以后，那女孩又跟文戈坐在了一起。过了一会儿，他慢吞吞地，不胜辛酸地讲起了他的身世。他在纽约坐了四年牢，现在要回家了。
“你有太太吗？” “不知道。”
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“你不知道？”她问。
\"Well, when I was in jail I wrote to my wife,\" he said. \"I told her that I was going to be away a long time, and that if she couldn't stand it, if the kids kept asking questions, if it hurt her too much, well, she could just forget me. I'd understand. Get a new guy , I said -- she's a wonderful woman, really something -- and forget about me. I told her she didn't have to write me. And she didn't. Not for three and a half years.\" \"And you're going home now, not knowing?\"
\"Yeah,\" he said shyly. \"Well, last week, when I was sure the parole was coming through, I wrote the again. We used to live in Brunswick, just Before Jacksonville, and there's a big oak tree just as you come into town, I told her that if she didn't have a new guy and if she'd take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and I'd get off and come home. If she didn't want me, forget it -- no handkerchief, and I'd go on through.\"
\"Wow,\" the girl exclaimed. \"Wow.\" She told the others, and soon all of them were in it, caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife
and three children -- the woman handsome in a plain way, the children still unformed in the much-handled snapshots. Now they were 20 miles from Brunswick, and the young people took over window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face, as id fortifying himself against still another disappointment.
Then Brunswick was 10 miles, and then five. Then, suddenly, all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances of joy. All except Vingo.
“是这样的，我在坐牢的时候曾写信给我妻子，”他说。“我告诉他我要离开很长一段时间，要是她受不了，要是孩子们老是问这问那，要是这事太让她伤心，那她可以干脆忘掉我。我会理解的。我说，再找个男人，忘掉我吧。她是个很好的女人，真的挺不错。我告诉她不必给我写信。她没有写。三年半没有给我写信。”
“你现在什么也不知道就这样回家？”
“嗯，”他难为情地说。“噢，上个礼拜，当我得知我的假释即将获准时，我又给她写了封信。我们过去一直住在布伦斯威克，克杰逊维尔前面一点，就在镇口有一棵大橡树。我告诉她，要是她没有别的男人，要是她还想让我回去，…就在树上系一条黄手绢，我就会下车回家。要是她不要我，就当没这回事好了——不要系手绢，我就继续坐着汽车一直到终点站。”
“哇，”女孩子叫了起来。“哇。”
她告诉了别的人，很快大家全知道了，大家全都关注着布伦斯威克的到来。他们看着文戈拿给他们的几张照片，是他妻子和三个孩子的照片——从那几张触摸过多的快照上看，那女人自有一种朴实的美，孩子们还没有发育成熟。
他们离布伦斯威克只有二十英里了，年轻人都坐到了车右边靠窗的座位上，等待着那棵大橡树的出现。文戈不再张望，他绷紧脸，仿佛正在鼓足勇气准备迎接另一次失
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望似的。
离布伦斯威克只有十英里了，只有五英里了。突然，所有的年轻人都从座位上站了起来，尖叫着，呼喊着，大声嚷嚷着，跳起了欢乐的舞蹈。只有文戈除外。
Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs -- 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds, a tree that stood like a banner of welcome billowing in the wind. As the young people shouted, the old con slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home.
NEW WORDS
mysterious a. strange 神秘的 mystery n. 神秘，神秘的事物
folklore n. 民间传说 reappear vi. appear again after an
absence 再（出）现
anew ad. in a new or different way; again 重新；再 sometime ad.
at
some
uncertain or unstated time 某个时候 tide n. 潮汐 vanish vi. disappear ill-fitting a. 不合身的 dusty a. covered with dust 满是灰尘的
mask vt. hide 遮盖；掩盖 root v. (cause to) be fixed and unmoving （使）生根；（使）固定 runaway n. a person that has left home or escaped 逃跑者，出逃者
brightly ad. in a bright manner, cheerfully 欢快地，高兴地
swing n. a long and large drink 痛饮
retreat vi. go back; withdraw 退缩；退却，撤退 chatter vi. talk fast and noisily about sth. unimportant 喋喋不休
painfully ad. in great discomfort 痛苦地 painful a. 疼痛的，使痛苦的 jail n. prison 监狱
take over occupy 占用；接管 make one's way move along 去，
PROPER NAMES Greenwich Village 格林尼治村guy n. (AmE sl.) man; fellow 人；家伙 yeah ad. (AmE) yes
parole n. conditional release from prison 假释 oak n. 橡树
wow interj. an expression of surprise 哇，呀 exclaim vt. Cry out suddenly because of surprise, anger, pain, etc. 惊叫，叫喊说
文戈坐在那儿望着椽树惊呆了。树上挂满了黄手绢——二十条，三十条，或许有几百条，一棵树立在那儿就像欢迎的旗臶在迎风招展。在年轻人的欢呼声中，这位刚从监狱释放的人慢吞吞地从座位上站起来，向车子前部走去，准备下车回家。
approach n. coming near or nearer 接近，临近 unformed a. immature 发育未全的
handle vt. touch, feel or use (sth) with the hand(s) 触，摸，抚弄 snapshot n. 快照
tighten v. make strong （使）变紧；（使）绷紧 stun vt. shock or surprise 增强；给...以勇气 banner n. flag 旗，旗帜
billow vi. wave （波浪）翻腾；波浪般起伏 con n. convict 囚犯 PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS
dream of wish for ardently 向往，渴望
pull into enter, arrive at （车等）驶入；到达 take back agree to receive sb. whom one has dismissed 允许...回来，接受
come through arrive as expected 如所预料地到来 be caught up in be very interested in 对...入迷
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（纽约市）
Fort Lauderdale （佛罗里达州）
New Jersey 州名）
Vingo Howard Johnson Florida 州名）
洛德代尔堡 新泽西（美国 文戈（姓氏） 霍华德.约翰逊 佛罗里达（美国
Brunswick 布伦斯威克（佐治亚洲）
Jacksonville 杰克逊维尔（佛罗里达州）
洹南麒麟2008年9月1日整理毕
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