河南大学研究生英语考试复习资料

复习加油了！范围及条件调整1、2、4、6。1单元长度为7行左右，2、4、6单元4—5行，文体不限。好运！

一、A Working Community 11、Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasn’t just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that we have something “in common” with other teachers, nurses, city planners.不是所有的住宅区都是空的，也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的。多数人在这些环境里都曾有过复杂的经历。然而，最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度。我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区搬进了办公楼，上班时身上所佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起。我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有着某些共同点。 12、It’s not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish communtiy, the Polish community. They sought out and assumes connection with people from the old country, Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhood with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions. People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.这有点像最初移民来到美国的我们的祖辈们的经历，许多人来到这里后把自己原来的国籍当成一个社区，所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰社区等。他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这种体验提升了一步。像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身份取代了种族身份。这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费尽周折去寻找有共同语言的人。

二、The Roots Of My Ambition

15、Mother would have liked it better if I could have grown up to be President or a rich businessman, but much as she loved me, she did not deceive herself. Before I was out of grade school, she could see I lacked the gifts for either making millions or winning the love of crowds. After that she began nudging me toward working with words.假如我现在是总统或者是富有的商人，妈妈应该会更满意的。虽然母亲很爱我，但她并没有欺骗自己。在我高中毕业之时，她就意识到了我缺少那种日进斗金或博取群众爱戴的能力。从那以后她就开始把我往写作的道路上推。 18、“Edwin James was no smarter than anybody else, and look where he is today,”my mother said, and said again, so than I finally grew up thinking Edwin James was adill clod who had a lucky break. Maybe she felt didn’t have to be brilliant to get where Edwin had got to, that the way to get to the top was to work, work, and work.艾德文并不比任何一个孩子聪明，看看他今天已经在哪

了？母亲总是这样遍又一遍地对我说，以至于我长大以后认为艾德文?詹姆士不过是碰上了好运气的平庸之辈。也许母亲也是那样看待他的，但她的话中应该有更深的含意。她是在告诉我不需要很聪明就能达到艾德文的高度，通往顶峰的路是努力、努力、再努力。

20、I respected those great writers,but what I read with joy were newpapers. I lapped up every word about monstrous crimes, dreadful accidents and hideous butcheries committed in faraway wars. Accounts of murderes dying in the electric chair fascinated me, and I kept close track of fast meals ordered by condemned men.我很仰慕那些伟大的作家，但读起来使我最快乐的是报纸。我如饥似渴地读着报纸上关于犯罪、恐怖事件和发生在遥远他乡的骇人听闻的杀戮。关于那些死在电梯上的杀手的报道令我入迷，我甚至对死刑犯订的最后一顿快餐都特别留心。 23、Seven years later I was assigned by the Sun to cover the White House. For most reporters, being White House correspondent was as close to heaven as you could get. I was 29 years old and puffed up with pride. I went to see my mother’s delight while telling her about it. I should have known better.7年之后，我被《巴尔的摩太阳报》任命为驻白宫记者。对于大多数记者而言，成为驻白宫记者被看成是离上天只有一步之遥。那时我29岁，踌躇满志。我回有对母亲讲自己晋升的事想看到她高兴。但结果却出乎我的预料。 25、Onward and upward was the course she set. Small progress was no excuse for feeling satisfied with yourself. People who stopped to pat themselves on the back didn’t last long. Even if you got to the top, you’d better not take it easy. “The bigger they come, the harder they fall” was one of her favorite maxims.进取、进取、再进取，这是母亲给我设定的方向。小小的进步是不足以自我满足的。那些因成功而沾沾自喜停下来欣赏自己的人是不会持久的。即使你已经到达顶峰，你也最好不要放松。爬得越高，摔得越痛，是母亲的至理名言。 28、It was not a column meant to convey news, but a writer’s column commenting on the news by using different literary forms: essay devices, satire, burlesque, sometimes even fiction. It was proof that my mother had been absolutely right when she sized me up early in life and steered me toward literature.那不是新闻报导专栏，而是一个用不同文学体裁评论新闻的专栏，如散文、讽刺、夸张的模仿、有时甚至是小说。这一切证明母亲早就看出是这块料并引导我走文学之路是完全正确的。

31、In time there would be an attack on the values my mother preached and I have lived by. When the country began to pull apart in the 1960s and 70s, people who admitted to wanting to amount something were put down as materialists idiotically wasting their lives in the “rat race.” The word “gumption”vanished from the language.母亲一直宣扬而且我一直遵循的价值观终于开始遭到攻击。二十世纪六七十年代，这个国家的价值观念开始分化。那些承认自己想要获得成功的人被鄙视为在“激烈竞争”的凡尘中愚蠢地浪费生命的物质主义者。“进取精神”这个词开始从我们的语言中消失。

33、The new age exalted love, self-gratification and passive Asian philosopies that aimed at helping people resign themselves to the status quo. Much of this seemed preposterous to me, but I conceded that my mother might have turned me into a coarse materialist (one defect in her code was its emphasis on money and position ),so I kept my heretical suspicions to myself. 新时代崇尚关系和自我满足，崇尚消极的东方哲学要人安于现状的思想。这些思想对我来说显得荒谬，但是我也得承认也许母亲已经将我变成一个粗俗的物质主义者（她的信条中的一个缺陷就是对金钱和地位的强调），我在新时代一直对自己怀着异教徒般的怀疑。

36、It wasn’t the gin that was shouting. It was my mother. The gin only gave me the courage to announce to them that yes, by God, I had always believed in success, had always believed that without hard work and self-discipline you could never amount to anything, and didn’t deserve to.

其实不是杜松子酒在吼，是我的母亲在吼。酒只是借给了我勇气向他们宣布那个想法。是的，上帝可以作证，我一直相信成功，一直相信如果没有辛勤的劳动和严格的自律，一个人不可能有任何成就，也不配有成就。 37、It would turn out that the children’s bleak report cards did not forebode failure, but a refusal to march to the drumbeat of the ordinary, which should have made me proud. Now they are grown people with children of their own, and we like one another and have good times when we are together.事实最后证明，那些曾使我感到黯淡无望的成绩单并没有预示我的孩子们一败涂地，而预示了他们拒绝平庸，这令我应该感到欣慰。而今他们都已长大成人，也有了自己的孩子。我们彼此都怀着好感，家庭团聚时过得非常愉快。

四、What Is Happiness?

1、The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth cetificates, but no one seems quite which way it ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to being welldeceived.” The felicty of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift say society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。乔纳森?斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。

6、Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what is trying to buy?显而易见，即使心智不健全的人也不会完全相信这些诗境或是这些药典和矫正术。然后有人显然正在竭力购买这些广告所售的美梦，并为此每年耗资数十亿美元。这种幸福市场无疑不会无人问津，但他们购买的究竟是什么呢？

9、But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness,as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within all of us and must find some sort of balance. Thoreau-a creature of both Eastern and Western thought-had his own firm sense of that balance.His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.然而，或许因为我是西方人，我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦幻一样。可以确信，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的人物，对这种平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，在高层次上付出。

10、Posssession for its own sake or in competiton with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoureau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high, What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为自己而去拥有，或与邻里明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次”，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自己界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。

勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可以确保他能去从事更为重要的事务即可。

11、Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactions we get from a lifetime depend on how hign we choose our difficulties.Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains.” The martal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是问题的精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特?弗罗斯特言及“以苦为乐”时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的寻种幸福观，其致使的缺陷就在于它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。

13、The buyers and sellers at the happiness-market seem too often to have lost their sense of the pleasure of difficulty. Heaven knows what they are playing,but it seems a dull game. And the Indian holy man seems dull to us, I suppose, because he seems to be refusing to play anyting at all. The Western weakness may be in the illusion that happiness can be bought. Perhaps the Eastern weakness is in the idea that there is such a thing as perfect (therefore static ) happiness.幸福市场上的买卖双方似乎大都体会不到挑战困难的乐趣。天知道他们在玩些什么，但似乎不外乎那些无聊的游戏。我猜印度的圣人在我们看来有些无聊，因为他似乎拒绝玩任何游戏。西方人的弱点在于他们幻想幸福可以买到。或许东方人的弱点在于他们认为存在产丰一种完美的（因而也是静止的）幸福。

15、By all means let the happiness-market sell us minor satisfactions and even minor follies so long as we keep them in scale and buy them out of spiritual change. I am no customer for either Puritanism or asceticism. But drop any real spiritual capital at those bazaars, and what you come to will be your own poorhouse.当然，只要我们掌握好一个度，或者只作为一种精神调节，不妨从幸福市场买点满足感甚至可以花钱买点愚蠢的东西。我既不信奉清教徒的生活准则也不赞成禁欲主义。但如果我们在这些市场上放弃任何真正意义上的精神财富，那么到头来我们只能是一无所有。

六、The Right to Fail

2、We only apply it to people under twenty-one. Yet an adult who spends his days and nights watching mindless TV programs is more of a dropout than an eighteen-year-old who quits college, with its frequently mindless courses, to become, say, a VISTA’ valunteer. For the young, dropping out its often a way of dropping in.我们只把它用在21岁以下的人身上。与一个中途离开大学、避开那些毫无思想内容的课程，志愿参加为美国服务志愿队（VISTA）的18岁青年相比，一个整天整夜看不需要动脑筋的电视节目的成年人更是半途而废的人。而对于年轻人来说这是以退为进。 5、“But what if we fail?” they ask, whispering the dreadful word across the Generation Gap to their parents, who are back home at the Establishment nursing their “middle-class values” and cultivating their “goal-oriented society.” The parents whisper back: “Don’t!”“但是如果我们失败了怎么办呢”？他们问道，小声地把这些可怕的话语传过代沟，送到父母耳中。这些父母是当权派，正在培养他们的“中产阶级价值观”，构建他们的“目标明确的社会”。父母们轻声回答：不能失败！

6、What they should say is “Don’t be afraid to fail!” Failure isn’t fatal. Countless people have had a bout with it and come out stronger as a result. Many have even come out famous. History is strewn with eminent dropouts, “loners”who followed their own trail, not worrying about its odd twists and turns because they had faith in their own sense of direction. To read their biographies is always exhilarating, not only because they beat the system, but because their system was better than the one that they beat.他们应该说不要害怕失败！失败并不致命。无数人曾失败过，也因此而变得更加强大。有些甚至成了名人。历史上充满了卓越的中途退出者以及沿着自己的道路前行的“孤独者”。他们不惧怕偶尔的波折，因为他们坚信自己的方向感。阅读他们的传记总是令人振奋，这不仅因为他们打破了旧，更因为他们创立的要优于他们打破的。 9、I’m not urging everyone to go out and fail just for the sheer therapy of it, or to quit college just to clddle some vague discontent. Obviously it’s better to succeed than to flop, and in general a long education is more helpful than a shorter one. (Thanks to my own education, for example, I can tell George Eliot from T. S. Eliot, I can handle the pluperfect tense in French, and I know that Caesar beat the Helvetii because he had enough frumentum.) I only mean that failure isn’t bad in itself, or success automatically good.我并不是要敦促大家由于失败具有疗效而去选择失败，或者仅仅因为一点不满就退学。很明显，成功优于失败。一般来说，接受长期教育要比短期教育更有帮助。（比如，由于我接受了教育才能分清乔治?艾略特，才能掌握法语中的过去完成时，才能清楚恺撒打败赫尔维蒂人是因为他有足够的玉米）。我只是说失败本身并不是好事，或者说成功并非必然是好事。

11、It’s a point, of course, that applies throught the arts. Writers, playwrights, painters and composers work in the expectation of periodic defeat, but they wouldn’t keep going back into the arena if they thought it was the end of world. It isn’t the end of the world. For an artist-and perhaps for anybody- it is the only way to grow.当然，这种观点贯穿于艺术始终。作家，剧作家，画家，作曲家预计到他们的工作台会出现周期性的失败。如果他们认为失败是世界末日的话，他们就不会重回他们的工作领域。失败并非世界末日。对艺术家—或者对任何人—来说，失败是成长的惟一途径。 14、Who is to say, then, if there is any right path to the top, or even to say what the top consists of? Obviously the colleges don’t have more than a partial answer-otherwise the young would not be so disaffected with an education that they consider vapid. Obviously business not have the answer---otherwise the young would not be so scornful of its call to be an organization man.那么，谁能说清是否有通向巅峰的正确道路，或者甚至能说巅峰到底包含了什么呢？很明显大学只能提供部分的答案—要不然年青人也不会对教育不满，认为它如此枯燥乏味。很明显商业中也不曾有答案—要不上青人也不会地应聘成为公司总裁一员如此不屑一顾。 15、The fact is, nobody has the answer, and the dawning awareness of this fact seems to me one of the best things happening in America today. Success and failure are again becoming individual visions, as they were when the country was younger, not rigid categories.Maybe we are learning again to cherish this right of every person to succeed on his own terms and to fail as often as necessary along the way.事实上，没有人能够回答。对我来说，当今美国发生的最美好的事情之一莫过于人们开始觉醒认识到这一事实，就像在建国之初的年代一样，成功之与失败再次成为个人的理解，而不是僵化的范畴。也许，我们正在重新学会珍惜每个人用他自己的方式成功，并在这条道路上尽情失败的权利。

听力（1—6） 一、短文对话

1.he thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies 2.Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby

3.Roy's real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing

4.The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties 5.She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other

1.Husband and wife

2.A vacation is even more exhausting

3.The woman is packing for her bus tour(她在打包巴士之旅的行李) 4.The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable 5.3 hours or so

1.He is at a job interview

2.He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right 3.To receive assistance from the teacher 4.He wants to keep learning all his life 5.The man's idea is not feasible at all

1.The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TV 2.He is interested in the history of cities shown in pictures

3.It is about personality evident in an individual's gestures（可以通过一个人明显的姿势判断其性格） 4.The man is a Brazilian

5.He wants to make his baby stronger

1.She didn't go to the party yesterday

2.The engine started as soon as they got on the plane 3.Jason can take the test on another day

4.Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon 5.He was criticized by the woman's mother all the way.

1.How to protect water and trees in nature

2.It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions 3.Louisiana tornado killed 50 people

4.He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researches

5.The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem

二、听力填空

一、Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive 1.suffer that nightmare 2.genders 3.uncontrollable unnecessary unaffordable 4.sufferers 5.more than 1 in 20 adults 6.expensive electronics 7.such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population 8.make finding a cure a priority

三、Reporter: In Vail, Arizona, a new school

1.in this case involves 2.impact 3. available 4. resources 5. What's the point 6. medium 7. reasoning 8. normal 9. from their perspective 10. opposed to just the one angle

四、Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying art in China

1. devoted 2. computer animator 3. discipline 4. heart-stopping 5. explanation in English 6. much-loved legend 7. supernatural 8. challenge 9. that's within the rules of the opera10. wins good reviews from both Western and Chinese audience members 11. expressing the more acceptable way 12. But the popularity of Beijing Opera is fading fast

五、Thank you very, very much. Well, I just have to start with a

1. challenge 2. beat 3. figure out 4. definition 5. recognize 6. disability 7. committed 8. tolerate discrimination 9. that is tearing down barriers, both in architecture and in attitude 10. who are helping people with disabilities live independent lives

六、Damage from acid.... \"Earth and Sky\".

1.widespread 2.falling on3.exactly 4.to reliably measure5.assume 6.pollutants 7.Electrical utility plants8.react with9.to get showered 10.with wind currents11.leach nutrients12.combine with13.from fossil fuels.14.dedicated to