美国汽车业抨击日本经济政策

Ford‟s top executive in Washington has delivered a stinging attack against Japanese economic policies ahead of the country‟s entry into Trans-Pacific Partnership trade talks next week, reflecting deep frustration from within the US car industry about the negotiations.

The remarks by Steve Biegun, the Washington-based vice-president for international governmental affairs at Ford, offer evidence of the complicated politics at work in the US over the TPP talks, which seek to liberalise trade among 12 Pacific Rim nations.

The big three Detroit-based carmakers and other US manufacturers who feel they are being damaged by what they see as Japan‟s deliberate weakening of the yen could emerge as a hotbed of political opposition to the TPP and push their view in Congress.

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在下周日本加入《跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定》(TPP)谈判之前，福特(Ford)负责国际政府事宜的副总裁在华盛顿猛烈抨击日本的经济政策，反映出美国汽车行业内部对TPP谈判的深切不满。

常驻华盛顿的史蒂夫•拜根(Steve Biegun)此言表明了美国国内围绕TPP谈判的复杂政治格局。TPP寻求在12个环太平洋国家实现贸易自由化。

总部位于底特律的三大汽车制造商以及其他认为日本故意压低日元致使其利益受损的美国制造商，可能成为反对TPP的政治温床，并向美国国会游说它们的看

Their hackles have been raised by Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe‟s so-called “Abenomics” fiscal and monetary stimulus programme, which has prompted a sharp weakening in the yen‟s value.

Mr Biegun told the Financial Times: “Japan does not embrace the model of free trade. It is a mercantilist system where export-driven growth is the priority and „Abenomics‟, to the extent that we‟ve seen it play out so far, it seems largely to be repackaged „Japan Inc‟ rhetoric: facilitating subsidised exports and casting that as competitiveness.”

Japan is set to join the TPP talks late, during its 18th round, which is under way in Malaysia. The Obama administration agreed to allow Japan‟s entry after a lengthy negotiation in which Tokyo made some concessions to US carmakers, such as lifting

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法。日本首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)的所谓“安倍经济学”财政和货币刺激计划引起了它们的警觉。这些刺激计划导致日元大幅贬值。

拜根向英国《金融时报》表示：“日本没有接受自由贸易模式。它是一个重商主义体系，以出口驱动型增长为重点，而从‘安倍经济学’迄今的表现来看，它基本上是经过重新包装的‘日本公司’(Japan Inc)口号：以补贴支撑出口，然后将其吹嘘为竞争力。”

日本加入TPP谈判已经较晚，该国将在马来西亚举行的第18轮TPP谈判期间加入。经过长时间的协商后，日方向美国汽车制造商做出了一些让步，比如通过一个

the quota on vehicles imported through a special programme.

But the US car industry says this is not even close to sufficient.

“Japan is the most closed auto market in the world,” Mr Biegun said. “[It has] a rolling set of barriers over the decades ranging from outright exclusion of importers, to harassment of import brands, and unique regulatory requirements that are often applied to a low volume import, creating excessive cost.”

But it is Japan‟s alleged manipulation of the yen more than market access issues that has prompted anger in Detroit and elsewhere in the US rust belt, since it puts US goods at a disadvantage compared to Japanese goods for sale in other countries.

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特别计划取消汽车进口配额，奥巴马政府据此同意日本加入谈判。

但是美国汽车行业表示，这远远不够。

拜根表示：“日本是全球最封闭的汽车市场。几十年来它接连设置了各式壁垒，从完全排除进口商，到骚扰进口品牌，以及往往针对少量进口的独特监管要求，造成过高的成本。”

但是，与市场准入问题相比，日本被指操纵日元引发了底特律乃至美国整个制造业腹地的更大怒火，因为日元贬值让美国产品在其他国家的销售与日本产品相比处于不利地位。