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(备考词汇专攻)2019届中考英语小复习 251-260(10份10组专题)

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(备考词汇专攻)2019届中考英语小复习 251-260(10份10组专题)

§251 lift/ raise

Ⅰ. lift “举起、提起、抬起”常常表举(提、抬)起某物时需要费些力气。如: ① This is too heavy for me to lift. 这太重了,我举不起。

② He lifted a pail of water from the ground. 他把一桶水从地上提了起来。 Ⅱ. raise “举起、抬起”着重指使某物竖立起来。如:

① Those who are ready, please raise your hand. 准备好的人,请举手。 ② He raised his head. 他抬起了头。

§252 like/ love/ be fond of

Ⅰ. like “喜欢、喜爱”与dislike相对。是本组词中语意最弱的词。如: ① I like the poem. 我喜欢这首诗。

② I don’t like smoking. 我不喜欢抽烟。

Ⅱ. love “爱、热爱”与hate相对。带有强烈的感情,是本组词中语意最强的词。如: ① We love our socialist motherland. 我们热爱我们的社会主义祖国。 ② I like her , but I don’t love her. 我喜欢她,但并不爱她。 Ⅲ. be fond of “喜欢、爱好”,语意比like强,但比love弱。其后不能接不定式。如: ① He is fond of music. 他爱好音乐。 ② I am fond of reading. 我喜欢读书。

③ He is very fond of his mother. 他很喜欢他的母亲。 [注]:prefer “比起……更喜欢……”,其比较对象通常用在介词to 后。如: Which would you prefer, tea or coffee?

I prefer tea to coffee. 茶和咖啡,你喜欢哪? 比起咖啡来我更喜欢茶。

§253 little/ small

Ⅰ. little “小的”与big 和great 相对,表本身小,不含比一般小的意味。用这个词时,往往带有感情色彩。如:

① What a pretty little house! 一所多漂亮的小房子!

② I want the little box, not the big one. 我要小箱子,不要大的。 [说明]:little指人时,表和成年人相比,个子小年龄也小。

Ⅱ. small “小的”与large 相对,它常与little 通用。但多指,就一般标准而言比较小的东西,不带感情色彩。如;

① The boy is small for his age. 就年龄来说,这男孩的个子小了些。 ② He lives in a small room. 他住在一个小房间里。

§254 like / as

Ⅰ. like 用于比较或比喻,表示“像……一样”。

① Sometimes he behaves like a fool. 有时他的行为举止像个傻瓜。

② I beg you not to say anything like that to my parents. 我恳求你不要对我的父母说那样的话。 Ⅱ. as 则表示某人或某事实际上具有as后面所描写的特征或身份,此时as当“作为;当作”解。如: ① He works as a gardener. 他的工作是个园丁。

② Originally, our house was used as a hotel. 原先我们的房子是作旅馆用的。

Ⅲ. 另外一点要提及的是as可用作连词,后面接句子;like在正规英语中不能用作连词。如: ① When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (谚) 入国问禁,入乡随俗。

§255 look/ look at/ notice/ see/ watch / read / gaze.

Ⅰ. look “看”强调看的动作,指有意思地看,是不及物动词。接宾语时用介词at 即:look at.如: ① Look, what’s the boy doing? He is looking at the picture. Ⅱ. see 强调“看”的结果。指视力。如:

① He looked at the blackbord but he didn’t see nothing. Ⅲ. notice 是指用眼睛或其它感官或感觉去“注意到”;“看到” ① I noticed that he came early,我注意到他来得很早。

② I noticed him enter(ing) the office. 我看到他走进了(正在走进)办公室。 Ⅳ. watch 强调“观看”其行为动作,跟踪其运动着的目标。含有“监视”之意。如:

watch TV / a game /a play /sb. 看电视 / 比赛 / 戏曲/某人

Ⅴ, read 指“看书、报、杂志等”, 指用大脑去思考,含有阅读之意。如: ① He is reading a book.

§256 look/ look for/ find/ find out / look up

Ⅰ. look “看”指看的意识,强调看的行为动作。是不及物动词。不能直接接宾语。如: ① Look, they are playing on the playground.

Ⅱ. look for “寻找”指有目的地找。强调“寻找”这一动作。 ① What are you looking for? 你在找什么?

Ⅲ. find “找到、发现”指经过一番努力后“找到”丢失的人或东西。强调“找”的结果。如: ① I can’t find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔了。

② The poor granny is looking for her little son. I hope she can find him. 这个可怜的老奶奶

在找她的小儿子,我希望她能找到他。

Ⅳ. find out “找出、查明”用着及物动词短语,常表达找出答案,弄明真相,查明情况等意思。如: ① Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 Ⅴ. look up “向上看;查字典”如:

① She looked up and she saw many birds in the sky.

② You must look up the new words when you don’t know how to pronounce it.

§257 what’s …like?/ How’s …?

Ⅰ. What’s …like? “询问某人或事物的持久的特性、特征, 如相貌等。 如:

① ---What’s your elder sister like? ---She’s a kind and humorous woman. 你姐是怎样一个人? 她是

一个既和善又幽默的女人。

② ---What’s your father like? ---He is tall and fat. 你父亲长得怎么样? 他又高又胖。

③ ---What’s the spring in the north like? ---It’s usually very windy and dry. 北方的春

天怎么样? 通常风很大而且干燥。

Ⅱ. How’s …? 用来询问暂时 的情况,或对经历过事的感受,或问候别人的健康。如:

① --How’s your study these days? --Very well. Thank you. 近来的学习情况怎样? 很好, 谢谢。 ② How was the film last night? Great! 昨晚的电影怎么样? 好极了! ③ How is your sister? She’s very well. 你姐好吗(身体怎样)? 她很好。 [注意]:下面两句子的含义是不一样的。 ① How was the film? 这电影怎样?

② What was the film like? 这电影讲什么?(请对方对电影作一番描述或评论)

§258 none / nobody / no one

Ⅰ. none 既可指人,也可指物,意为“没有人;没有东西”等,表三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定。与all是反义词。后可接of 短语。作主语时,如果它指代的是可数名词,谓语动词用单数、复数形式都可以,用单数时强调个体,表“没有一个人”;用复数则强调整体,表“所有人都没有”。如果它指代的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。常常用来回答how many & how much 以及有特定范围的问题。如:

① How many of the women are teachers? None (of them is / are). 这些女士中有多少是老师? 一个也没

有。

② How much water is left in the bottle? Nove (of it is left). 瓶子里还剩多少水? 一点儿也没剩。 ③ Which of the boys plays football well? None(of them does). 这些男孩中哪个足球踢得好? 一个也没

有。

Ⅱ. nobody & no one 指代人,意为“没有人”。作主语时谓语动词有单数形式,后不能跟of 短语,常常用来回答who 和不确定的问题。如:

① Luckily, nobody / no one was gurt in this accident. 幸运的是,没有人在这场事故中受伤。 ② Who went to the net bar this week? Nobody / No one. 这周谁去过吧? 没有人。

§259 look/ seem

Ⅰ. seem “看来、似乎”既可作连系动词,以可做不及物动词,后接:形容词、名词、介词短语或不定式。

seems quite happy. 他似乎很快乐。(1)He如:(2)He seemed an honest man. 他看上去象个老实人。(3)Mary, you seem in high spirits. 玛丽,你似乎情绪很好。① Mother seemed to know that. 母亲好像知道那件事。

② Bill doesn’t seem to a understand. 比尔似乎不太理解。= Bill seems not to understand.(这更正式) Ⅱ. 常用搭配:

① It seems (that)好像、看来、似乎,如:

1. It seems to me that her accident is all your fault! 在我看来她出事都是你的错。 2. But it seemed that it wasn’t the only letter. 但是好像这不是唯一的一封信。 ② seem as if / though. “看起来像”如:

1. It seems as though Ken will win the rice.看来赛跑Ken好像要赢。 2. It seems (as if ) it is going to rain. 天好像要下雨了。

Ⅲ. look “看来、似乎”着重于由视觉得出的印象,seem 则暗示有一定根据,这种判断往往接近事实。在搭配上两者都可接:形容词、名词(前常有形容词修饰)、动词不定式to be、过去分词 和 介词短语。如: ① He looks / seems a nice man.他看上去是个好人。

② You look / seem tired. Let’s have a rest. 看来你累了,我们休息一会儿。 ③ The boy looked / seemed to be very ill. 那男孩看上去病得很重。 Ⅳ, 但在下面情况下,只能用seem, 不能用look: 1. 后面接动词不定式:to do 时。如:

① The captain seemed to know all his soldiers. 2. 用于It seems that …结构时。如:

① It seemed that he had missed the train.看来他没搭上火车。 3. 用于There seemed to (不定式) 结构时:如:

There seemed to be hundreds of people on the playground. 运动场上好像有几百人。

§260 lose/ miss

Ⅰ. lose “丢失、失去”语气较强,一般指失去后不易找回;而 miss 指人们觉察到东西已经“丢失”,含有可能找回的意思。miss 还有“想念”之意。而lose 则没有。如: ① My grandfather lost a leg in in the war. 我爷爷在战争中失去了一条腿。 ② We shall all miss you when you go away. 你不在时,我们都会想念你的。 Ⅱ. 作定语和表语用时,lose 用过去分词 lost, 而miss用现在分词missing.如: ① Who has found my lost pen?谁找到了我丢失的钢笔? ② Missing book is found now. 丢失的书现在已经找到了。

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