肺血管病杂志2010年3月第29卷第2期 Journal of cardi0vascular&Pulmonary Diseases,March 2010.Vo1.29.No.2 145 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5062.2010.02.020 基础研究・ 厦病毒载体在大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型 中的应用及观察 杨简 江洪 李万强 陈思思 陈静徐盛开 王继春 (摘要] 目的:研究携带绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)的慢病毒转染球囊损伤大 鼠颈动脉的效率和可行性,为利用慢病毒载体介导的基因治疗预防血管再狭窄奠定基础。方法:将携带 GFP的慢病毒载体(pGC—LV—GFP载体)和慢病毒包装质粒供转染293T细胞,完成慢病毒颗粒包装及滴 度测定。包装产生的慢病毒Lenti—GFP转染至球囊损伤的大鼠颈动脉。术后28 d,损伤及病毒转染血管 段标本分别行荧光显微镜、光镜检查,评估慢病毒的转染效率及内膜增生情况,并与假手术组(Sham 组)、PBS对照组进行比较。结果:经包装产生的Lenti—GFP滴度为2×10 Tu/mL;术后28 d,Sham组与 PBS组血管中膜弹力层仅见微弱的自发性绿色荧光,而Lenti—GFP组动脉壁全层可见较强的绿色荧光分 布;PBS组与Lenti—GFP转染组大鼠损伤的颈动脉均可见明显内膜增生,内膜和中膜面积之比差异无统 计学意义。结论:Lenti—GFP成功转染至球囊损伤的大鼠颈动脉,并能维持目的基因稳定长期的表达,是 血管再狭窄基因治疗的理想载体。 [关键词]慢病毒载体;颈动脉损伤;基因治疗;再狭窄;大鼠 [中图分类号]R543.4 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1007-5062(2010)02-145-04 Application and observation of lentiviral vector in rat carotid artery balloon injury YANG Jian,JIANG Hong LI Wanqiang,CHEN Sisi CHEN Jing,XU Shengkai,WANG Jichun Department ofCardiology,Car— diovascular Research Institute,Renmin Hospital fo Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China [Abstract] objective:To explore the feasibility of lentivirus transfection to deliver green fluorescent protein(GFP)into a balloon—damaged rat carotid artery,which can provide a basis for the treatment of resteno— sis after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:pGC—LV—GFP vector was cotransfected with pack— aging plasmids into 293T cells by Lipofectamine 2000.The titer of virus was detected according to the expres— sion of GFP.The carotid arteries of rats were injured by balloon catheter and followed by incubated with 100 l Lenti—GFP or PBS solution for 30 minutes.The rats were euthanized for immunofluorescenee and morphometric analysis at 28 day after operation.Results:The titer of concentrated lentiviurs was 2×10 TU/m1.Compared with Sham and PBS control groups,the strong green fluorescence was observed in the all layers of Lenti—GFP transfection carotid arteries.Meanwhile,obvious neointimal formation was also found in the Lenti—GFP and PBS groups;However,there was no statistical difference between the two groups.Conclusion:Lenti—GFP can stead— ily infect balloon—injured carotid arteries and the transfection efifciency is considerable high,which makes the lentivirus become a promising vector for future gene therapy on restenosis after percutaneous coronary interven— tion. [Key words]Lentiviral vector;Carotid injury;Gene therapy;Restenosis;Rats 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后血管内膜增生导致的再狭窄, 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(30770849) 作者单位:430060武汉武汉大学人民医院心内科一武汉大学心血 严重限制了其远期疗效,成为该项技术推广与发展 管病研究所(杨简江洪陈思思陈静徐盛开王继春),泌尿 的重要制约因素_1 。大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型已 外科(李万强) 被公认为研究血管损伤后再狭窄的首选动物模型, 通讯作者 为深入研究其病理生理机制提供了良好的工具 4。。 146 2010年3月第29卷第2期Journal of Cardiovascular&Pulmonary Diseases,March 2010,Vo1.29,No.2 近年来,随着生物技术的发展,基因治疗有望成为治 疗心血管疾病的有效手段 。其中,保持稳定高效 的基因转染最为关键。慢病毒载体不仅能整合入宿 主细胞基因组,持久稳定表达外源基因,而且具有转 移基因片段容量大、免疫反应小等优点 。目前 关于慢病毒载体用于血管再狭窄的研究还鲜有报 道,因此本研究旨在通过将携带绿色荧光蛋白 (green fluorescent protein,GFP)的慢病毒载体转染 颈外动脉切口逆行插入颈总动脉,直至距颈外动脉 分叉处2.5 cm,向球囊内注人生理盐水充盈球囊, 将球囊旋转并来回抽动,重复操作3次,以剥脱内 膜。退出球囊,将100 txL PBS或Lenti-GFP稀释液 (1 X 10 TU/mL)缓慢注人损伤动脉节段(约2 cm), 局部作用30 min,结扎颈外动脉,松开血管夹,恢复 颈总至颈内动脉血流。缝合颈部切口,肌注青霉素 20万u以预防感染。Sham组除不插入球囊导管 至球囊损伤的大鼠颈动脉,观察其转染的可行性及 相关条件,为后期利用慢病毒载体进行基因治疗提 供实验依据。 材料与方法 材料健康雄性标准膳食(SD)大鼠24只,体 质量350~400 g,购自华中科技大学同济医学院动 物实验中心;1.5 mm x 20.0 mill球囊导管(Cordis 公司);显微手术器械(上海医疗器械有限公司手术 器械厂);低分子肝素钠注射液(齐鲁制药有限公 司);携带GFP慢病毒载体系统(pGC—LV—GFP载 体、pHelper 1.0载体和pHelper 2.0载体三质粒组 成)购自Genechem公司;Opti—MEM(Gibco公司);li— pofecta-mine 2000(Invitrogen公司);293T细胞株 (中科院上海细胞所)。 慢病毒包装及滴度测定 携带GFP的pGC. LV—GFP载体2O Ixg,pHelper 1.0载体15 g,pHelp— er2.0载体10 与相应体积的Opti.MEM混合均 匀,调整总体积为2.5 mL,按Invitrogen公司Lipo— fectamine 2 000使用说明共转染至70%~80%融合 的293T细胞培养液中,混匀,于37℃,5%CO 细胞 培养箱中培养。8 h后倒去含有转染混和物的培养 基,更换完全培养基,继续培养48 h,收集富含慢病 毒颗粒的细胞上清液,对其高滴度的慢病毒浓缩液, 采用逐孔稀释滴度测定法,在293T细胞中测定并标 定病毒滴度,单位为TU/mL。 大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型及慢病毒转染 SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组,n=6)、PBS对照 组(PBS组,n:9)、慢病毒转染组(Lenti—GFP组,n =9)。大鼠腹腔注射3%戊巴比妥钠(30 ms,/kg)麻 醉,取颈部正中切口,切开皮肤、筋膜,暴露左颈总动 脉、颈外动静脉及颈内动脉。为避免急性血栓形成, 球囊损伤前3 min经颈外静脉给予100 U/kg低分子 肝素钠抗凝。用显微血管夹夹闭左颈总动脉近心端 和颈外、颈内动脉远心端,临时阻断血流。在颈外动 脉血管夹近心侧剪一斜形切口,将1.5F球囊导管从 外,其余操作同手术组。 慢病毒在损伤动脉壁转染效率的测定球囊损 伤及慢病毒转染28 d后处死各组动物2只,游离出 转染慢病毒血管节段,行鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶(OTC) 包埋、冰冻切片,切片厚度5“m。置于荧光显微镜 下观察GFP表达情况,评价慢病毒在损伤动脉壁的 转染情况。 病理形态学观察标本经4%多聚甲醛固定、 脱水及石蜡包埋,切成厚4 m切片。苏木精一伊红 染色(HE)染色,观察血管横切面新生内膜增生情 况。每份标本非连续切片5张,采用Image—Pro Plus 5.0专业图像分析软件测定血管内膜和中膜面积, 并计算内膜和中膜面积比(intimafmedia,I/M),测 量采用单盲法。 统计学分析 采用SPSS13.0软件包进行统计 分析,计量资料以均数±标准差表示,数据比较用单 因素方差分析及q检验,以P<0,05为差异有统计 学意义。 结 果 1.慢病毒载体的包装及滴度测定慢病毒包装 质粒和携带GFP的pGC—LV.GFP载体(图1)供转染 293T细胞,细胞生长状态良好,提示慢病毒包装成 功。收集合成的慢病毒液感染293T细胞,根据公 式:表达GFP的细胞数×稀释倍数=慢病毒滴度, 测定滴度为2×10 TU/mL。 图1 pGC・LV—GFP载体图谱 156 2010年3月第29卷第2期Journal of Cardiovascular&Pulmonary Diseases,March 2010,Vo1.29 No.2 reoperative cardiothoracic surgery.Ann Thorac Surg, 2008,85:1239—1245. wjth coronary disease and normal blood pressure:the CAMELOT study:a randomized controlled tri1.JAMA,a 2004,292:2217—2225. 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